principle Who acts: basic rule, someone, fact, something, principle, you · What happens: be, guide, behave, explain, work, mean · To what, where: principle, strong principles, permission, basic principles, matter, turn · Speech: someone speaks here
«principle» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: principle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A basic rule or belief about what is right that guides how someone behaves.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj cc conj mark nsubj cop advcl nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp punct root A DET basic ADJ rule NOUN or CCONJ belief NOUN about SCONJ what PRON is AUX right ADJ that PRON guides VERB how ADV someone PRON behaves VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 rule det 2 basic basic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rule amod 3 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 11 guides nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 belief cc 5 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 3 rule conj 6 about about SCONJ _ 9 right mark 7 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 right nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 right cop 9 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 11 guides advcl 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 guides nsubj 11 guides guide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 how how ADV PronType=Int 14 behaves advmod 13 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 behaves nsubj 14 behaves behave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 guides ccomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 guides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules 2 guide present a basic rule or belief tree rules 3 behave present someone vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
She has strong principles.
nsubj amod obj punct root She PRON has VERB strong ADJ principles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 principles amod 4 principles principle NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She strong principles vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent principle=Patient
Meaning 2 A basic law or fact that explains how something works: the principle of a lever.
The tree, 15 words det amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod nsubj ccomp punct det obl case det nmod punct root A DET basic ADJ law NOUN or CCONJ fact NOUN that PRON explains VERB how ADV something PRON works VERB : PUNCT the DET principle NOUN of ADP a DET lever NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 law det 2 basic basic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 law amod 3 law law NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 fact cc 5 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 3 law conj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 explains nsubj 7 explains explain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fact acl:relcl 8 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 works advmod 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 works nsubj 10 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 explains ccomp 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 principle punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 principle det 13 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 10 works obl 14 of of ADP _ 16 lever case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 lever det 16 lever lever NOUN Number=Sing 13 principle nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 law punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 explain speech: assert present fact vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 work present something the principle of a lever vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 «In principle» means in general or in theory, but maybe not in practice.
The tree, 13 words punct case nsubj punct case obl cc case conj punct cc advmod advmod case parataxis punct root « PUNCT In ADP principle NOUN » PUNCT means VERB in ADP general ADJ or CCONJ in ADP theory NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ maybe ADV not PART in ADP practice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 principle punct 2 In in ADP _ 3 principle case 3 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 principle punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 general case 7 general general ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 theory cc 9 in in ADP _ 10 theory case 10 theory theory NOUN Number=Sing 7 general conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 practice punct 12 but but CCONJ _ 16 practice cc 13 maybe maybe ADV _ 16 practice advmod 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 practice advmod 15 in in ADP _ 16 practice case 16 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 5 means parataxis 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present principle in general or theory vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in general=Attribute
Meaning 4 «On principle» means because of what you believe is right.
punct case nsubj punct case fixed nsubj nsubj acl:relcl cop ccomp punct root « PUNCT On ADP principle NOUN » PUNCT means VERB because ADP of ADP what PRON you PRON believe VERB is AUX right ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 principle punct 2 On on ADP _ 3 principle case 3 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 principle punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 8 what case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 12 right nsubj 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 believe nsubj 10 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 what acl:relcl 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 right cop 12 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present principle vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 believe present you vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present right property tree rules
Example 1 Lying is against my principles.
nsubj cop case nmod:poss punct root Lying VERB is AUX against ADP my PRON principles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lying lie VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 principles nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 principles cop 3 against against ADP _ 5 principles case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 principles nmod:poss 5 principles principle NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 principles punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present against my principles tree rules
Example 2 A lever works on a simple principle.
det nsubj case det amod obl punct root A DET lever NOUN works VERB on ADP a DET simple ADJ principle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lever det 2 lever lever NOUN Number=Sing 3 works nsubj 3 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 7 principle case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 principle det 6 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 7 principle amod 7 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 3 works obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present a lever on a simple principle vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on principle=Theme
Example 3 In principle, we can go, but we need permission first.
case obl punct nsubj aux punct cc nsubj parataxis obj advmod punct root In ADP principle NOUN , PUNCT we PRON can AUX go VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ we PRON need VERB permission NOUN first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 principle case 2 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 6 go obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 principle punct 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 go nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 go aux 6 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 need punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 10 need cc 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 need nsubj 10 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 go parataxis 11 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing 10 need obj 12 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 10 need advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go can we principle vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in principle=Location 2 need present we permission first property vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot permission=Theme
Example 4 He refused to cheat on principle.
nsubj mark xcomp case obl punct root He PRON refused VERB to PART cheat VERB on ADP principle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 refused nsubj 2 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 cheat mark 4 cheat cheat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 refused xcomp 5 on on ADP _ 6 principle case 6 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 4 cheat obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past He vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not cheat to-infinitive He not said here principle vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Learn the basic principles of addition.
det amod obj case nmod punct root Learn VERB the DET basic ADJ principles NOUN of ADP addition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Learn learn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 principles det 3 basic basic ADJ Degree=Pos 4 principles amod 4 principles principle NOUN Number=Plur 1 Learn obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 addition case 6 addition addition NOUN Number=Sing 4 principles nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn imperative you not said here the basic principles of addition vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent principle=Topic
Example 6 It's a matter of principle, not money.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct advmod conj punct root It PRON 's AUX a DET matter NOUN of ADP principle NOUN , PUNCT not PART money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 matter nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 matter cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 matter det 4 matter matter NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 principle case 6 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 4 matter nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 money punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 money advmod 9 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 matter conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 matter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a matter and money of principle tree rules
Example 7 The principle of fairness means everyone gets a turn.
det nsubj case nmod nsubj ccomp det obj punct root The DET principle NOUN of ADP fairness NOUN means VERB everyone PRON gets VERB a DET turn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 principle det 2 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 fairness case 4 fairness fairness NOUN Number=Sing 2 principle nmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 7 gets nsubj 7 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 turn det 9 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 7 gets obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the principle of fairness vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 get present everyone a turn vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer turn=Stimulus
Example 8 Floating boats follow the principle of displacement.
amod nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Floating VERB boats NOUN follow VERB the DET principle NOUN of ADP displacement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Floating float VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 boats amod 2 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 3 follow nsubj 3 follow follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 principle det 5 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 3 follow obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 displacement case 7 displacement displacement NOUN Number=Sing 5 principle nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 follow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float gerund vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 follow present Floating boats the principle of displacement vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent principle=Theme
Example 9 The Weasel said he couldn't do that because he was an enemy of all birds on principle.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj nsubj aux advmod ccomp obj mark nsubj cop det advcl case det nmod case nmod punct root The DET Weasel PROPN said VERB he PRON could AUX n't PART do VERB that PRON because SCONJ he PRON was AUX an DET enemy NOUN of ADP all DET birds NOUN on ADP principle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Weasel det 2 Weasel Weasel PROPN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 do nsubj 5 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 do aux 6 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 7 do advmod 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 said ccomp 8 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 do obj 9 because because SCONJ _ 13 enemy mark 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 enemy nsubj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 enemy cop 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 enemy det 13 enemy enemy NOUN Number=Sing 7 do advcl 14 of of ADP _ 16 birds case 15 all all DET PronType=Tot 16 birds det 16 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 13 enemy nmod 17 on on ADP _ 18 principle case 18 principle principle NOUN Number=Sing 16 birds nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the Weasel vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not do could Weasel that vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality 3 is a past Weasel a enemy of all birds on principle tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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