problem Who acts: problem, you, question, car, Tom, Kim · What happens: be, have, work out, need, fix, mean · To what, where: question, something, problem, whole problem, two steps, 6 problems · Speech: someone speaks here
«problem» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: problem in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A problem is a question you have to work out, like a maths story: a word problem.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp compound:prt punct case det compound obl punct det compound conj punct root A DET problem NOUN is AUX a DET question NOUN you PRON have VERB to PART work VERB out ADP , PUNCT like ADP a DET maths NOUN story NOUN : PUNCT a DET word NOUN problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 problem det 2 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 5 question nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 question cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 question det 5 question question NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 question acl:relcl 8 to to PART _ 9 work mark 9 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 have xcomp 10 out out ADP _ 9 work compound:prt 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 story punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 story case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 story det 14 maths maths NOUN Number=Sing 15 story compound 15 story story NOUN Number=Sing 9 work obl 16 : : PUNCT _ 19 problem punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 problem det 18 word word NOUN Number=Sing 19 problem compound 19 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 15 story conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 question punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a problem a question tree rules 2 have present you a question not said here tree rules 3 work out to-infinitive a question not said here like a maths story and a word problem vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A problem is something that is wrong or hard and needs to be fixed.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop nsubj cop acl:relcl cc conj cc conj mark aux:pass xcomp punct root A DET problem NOUN is AUX something PRON that PRON is AUX wrong ADJ or CCONJ hard ADJ and CCONJ needs VERB to PART be AUX fixed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 problem det 2 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 wrong nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 wrong cop 7 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 something acl:relcl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 hard cc 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 wrong conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 needs cc 11 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 wrong conj 12 to to PART _ 14 fixed mark 13 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 fixed aux:pass 14 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 needs xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a problem something tree rules 2 is present wrong property tree rules 3 be tree rules 4 need present vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 5 fix not said to happen to-infinitive · passive vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The car has a problem.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET car NOUN has VERB a DET problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 problem det 5 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the car a problem vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient
Meaning 3 «No problem» means it is easy, or you are welcome.
punct det nsubj punct expl cop ccomp punct cc nsubj cop conj punct root « PUNCT No DET problem NOUN » PUNCT means VERB it PRON is AUX easy ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ you PRON are AUX welcome ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 problem punct 2 No no DET PronType=Neg 3 problem det 3 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 problem punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 easy expl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 easy cop 8 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means ccomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 welcome punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 welcome cc 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 welcome nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 welcome cop 13 welcome welcome ADJ Degree=Pos 8 easy conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no problem vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is present easy property tree rules 3 is present you welcome property tree rules
Example 1 Read the whole problem first, then choose.
det amod obj advmod punct advmod conj punct root Read VERB the DET whole ADJ problem NOUN first ADV , PUNCT then ADV choose VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 problem det 3 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 4 problem amod 4 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 1 Read obj 5 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 1 Read advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 choose punct 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 8 choose advmod 8 choose choose VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Read conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the whole problem first property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic 2 choose infinitive you not said here then vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 This problem has two steps.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root This DET problem NOUN has VERB two NUM steps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 problem det 2 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 steps nummod 5 steps step NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present this problem two steps vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Patient
Example 3 Tom solved 6 problems and Kim solved 9.
nsubj nummod obj cc nsubj conj obj punct root Tom PROPN solved VERB 6 NUM problems NOUN and CCONJ Kim PROPN solved VERB 9 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 solved nsubj 2 solved solve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 problems nummod 4 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 2 solved obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 solved cc 6 Kim Kim PROPN Number=Sing 7 solved nsubj 7 solved solve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 solved conj 8 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 solved obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 solved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 solve past Tom 6 problems vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic 2 solve past Kim 9 vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 9=Topic
Example 4 Can you help me with this maths problem?
aux nsubj obj case nsubj compound obl punct root Can AUX you PRON help VERB me PRON with ADP this PRON maths NOUN problem NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 help aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 help nsubj 3 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 help obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 problem case 6 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 problem nsubj 7 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 8 problem compound 8 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 3 help obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can you me with maths problem vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary with problem=Theme
Example 5 We have a problem: the tap is leaking.
nsubj det obj punct det nsubj aux parataxis punct root We PRON have VERB a DET problem NOUN : PUNCT the DET tap NOUN is AUX leaking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 problem det 4 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 : : PUNCT _ 9 leaking punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tap det 7 tap tap NOUN Number=Sing 9 leaking nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 leaking aux 9 leaking leak VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 have parataxis 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We a problem vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient 2 leak present · progressive the tap vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
Example 6 If you have a problem at school, talk to your teacher.
mark nsubj advcl det obj case nmod punct case nmod:poss obl punct root If SCONJ you PRON have VERB a DET problem NOUN at ADP school NOUN , PUNCT talk VERB to ADP your PRON teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 have mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 talk advcl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 problem det 5 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 6 at at ADP _ 7 school case 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 problem nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 3 have punct 9 talk talk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 to to ADP _ 12 teacher case 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 teacher nmod:poss 12 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 9 talk obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have a condition, not said to happen present you a problem school vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient 2 talk imperative you not said here to your teacher vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to teacher=Co-Agent
Example 7 «Thank you!» «No problem.»
Sentence 1: «Thank you!»
punct obj punct punct root « PUNCT Thank VERB you PRON ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Thank punct 2 Thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 Thank obj 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Thank punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Thank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank in a quote present you vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
Sentence 2: «No problem.»
punct det punct punct root « PUNCT No DET problem NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 problem punct 2 No no DET PronType=Neg 3 problem det 3 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 problem punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 problem punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 8 Litter is a big problem for sea animals.
nsubj cop det amod case compound nmod punct root Litter NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ problem NOUN for ADP sea NOUN animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Litter litter NOUN Number=Sing 5 problem nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 problem cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 problem det 4 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 problem amod 5 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 animals case 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 8 animals compound 8 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 problem nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 problem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Litter a big problem for sea animals tree rules
Example 9 He pursued the problem like the sleuth-hound that he was.
nsubj det obj case det compound punct obl mark nsubj advcl punct root He PRON pursued VERB the DET problem NOUN like ADP the DET sleuth NOUN - PUNCT hound NOUN that SCONJ he PRON was VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 pursued nsubj 2 pursued pursue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 problem det 4 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 pursued obj 5 like like ADP _ 9 hound case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 hound det 7 sleuth sleuth NOUN Number=Sing 9 hound compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 sleuth punct 9 hound hound NOUN Number=Sing 2 pursued obl 10 that that SCONJ _ 12 was mark 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 was nsubj 12 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 pursued advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 pursued punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pursue past He the problem like the sleuth hound vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Theme 2 be past hound vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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