proficient Who acts: She, You, He, report, I, signals · What happens: reach, expect, be, become, join, say · To what, where: expected level, subject, proficient swimmer, maths, club, three languages · Speech: someone speaks here
«proficient» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: proficient in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Good at something because of practice and training; skilled.
case obl case fixed nmod cc conj punct conj punct root Good ADJ at ADP something PRON because ADP of ADP practice NOUN and CCONJ training NOUN ; PUNCT skilled ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 at at ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Good obl 4 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 6 practice case 5 of of ADP _ 4 because fixed 6 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 3 something nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 training cc 8 training training NOUN Number=Sing 6 practice conj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 skilled punct 10 skilled skilled ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Good conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Good punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
She is a proficient swimmer.
nsubj cop det amod punct root She PRON is AUX a DET proficient ADJ swimmer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 swimmer nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 swimmer cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 swimmer det 4 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos 5 swimmer amod 5 swimmer swimmer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 swimmer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a proficient swimmer tree rules
Meaning 2 Usage: formal, in reports — kept apart, not parsed.
Having reached the expected level in a subject: «proficient in reading».
The tree, 11 words aux det amod obj case det obl punct punct appos case nmod punct punct root Having AUX reached VERB the DET expected VERB level NOUN in ADP a DET subject NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT proficient NOUN in ADP reading NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Having have AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 reached aux 2 reached reach VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 level det 4 expected expect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 level amod 5 level level NOUN Number=Sing 2 reached obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 subject case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 subject det 8 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 2 reached obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 proficient punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 proficient punct 11 proficient proficient NOUN Number=Sing 8 subject appos 12 in in ADP _ 13 reading case 13 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 11 proficient nmod 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 proficient punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach gerund · perfect the expected level a subject vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent level=Theme 2 expect participle vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 After a year of lessons, she became a proficient swimmer.
case det obl case nmod punct nsubj det amod xcomp punct root After ADP a DET year NOUN of ADP lessons NOUN , PUNCT she PRON became VERB a DET proficient ADJ swimmer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 year case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 year det 3 year year NOUN Number=Sing 8 became obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 lessons case 5 lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 3 year nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 year punct 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 became nsubj 8 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 swimmer det 10 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos 11 swimmer amod 11 swimmer swimmer NOUN Number=Sing 8 became xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 became punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become past she a proficient swimmer year vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 2 You must be proficient at maths to join the club.
nsubj aux cop case obl mark advcl det obj punct root You PRON must AUX be AUX proficient ADJ at ADP maths NOUN to PART join VERB the DET club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 proficient nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 proficient aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 proficient cop 4 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 maths case 6 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 4 proficient obl 7 to to PART _ 8 join mark 8 join join VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 proficient advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 club det 10 club club NOUN Number=Sing 8 join obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 proficient punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is must You maths proficient property tree rules 2 join to-infinitive You not said here the club vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Patient
Example 3 He is proficient in three languages.
nsubj cop case nummod obl punct root He PRON is AUX proficient ADJ in ADP three NUM languages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 proficient nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 proficient cop 3 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 languages case 5 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 languages nummod 6 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 proficient obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 proficient punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present He three languages proficient property tree rules
Example 4 The report says I am proficient in reading.
det nsubj nsubj cop ccomp case obl punct root The DET report NOUN says VERB I PRON am AUX proficient ADJ in ADP reading NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 report det 2 report report NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 proficient nsubj 5 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 proficient cop 6 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos 3 says ccomp 7 in in ADP _ 8 reading case 8 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 6 proficient obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the report vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present I reading proficient property tree rules
Example 5 A proficient cyclist always signals before turning.
det amod nsubj advmod mark acl punct root A DET proficient ADJ cyclist NOUN always ADV signals NOUN before SCONJ turning VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cyclist det 2 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cyclist amod 3 cyclist cyclist NOUN Number=Sing 5 signals nsubj 4 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 signals advmod 5 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 before before SCONJ _ 7 turning mark 7 turning turn VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 signals acl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 signals punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn gerund signals not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 It takes practice to become proficient at the piano.
nsubj obj mark advcl xcomp case det obl punct root It PRON takes VERB practice NOUN to PART become VERB proficient ADJ at ADP the DET piano NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 takes nsubj 2 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 2 takes obj 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 takes advcl 6 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos 5 become xcomp 7 at at ADP _ 9 piano case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 piano det 9 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 6 proficient obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present It practice vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent practice=Theme 2 become to-infinitive proficient property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 7 She is highly proficient with a computer.
nsubj cop advmod case det obl punct root She PRON is AUX highly ADV proficient ADJ with ADP a DET computer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 proficient nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 proficient cop 3 highly highly ADV _ 4 proficient advmod 4 proficient proficient ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 computer case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 computer det 7 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 4 proficient obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 proficient punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She with a computer; highly, proficient property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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