pronoun Who acts: pronoun, we, Possessive pronouns, something, Relative pronouns, girl · What happens: be, use, not have, repeat, show, belong · To what, where: word, pronoun, mine, extra information, dog, possessive pronoun · Speech: someone speaks here
«pronoun» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pronoun in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, so we don't have to repeat it, like «he», «she», «it», «they», «we», «you» and «I».
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det acl case fixed det obl punct advmod nsubj aux advmod parataxis mark xcomp obj punct case punct parataxis punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct cc punct conj punct punct root A DET pronoun NOUN is AUX a DET word NOUN used VERB instead ADV of ADP a DET noun NOUN , PUNCT so ADV we PRON do AUX n't PART have VERB to PART repeat VERB it PRON , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT he PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT she PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT they PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT we PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT I PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pronoun det 2 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 5 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 word acl 7 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 10 noun case 8 of of ADP _ 7 instead fixed 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 noun det 10 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 6 used obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 have punct 12 so so ADV _ 16 have advmod 13 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 16 have nsubj 14 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 have aux 15 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 16 have advmod 16 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 word parataxis 17 to to PART _ 18 repeat mark 18 repeat repeat VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 have xcomp 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 repeat obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 he punct 21 like like ADP _ 23 he case 22 « « PUNCT _ 23 he punct 23 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 repeat parataxis 24 » » PUNCT _ 23 he punct 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 she punct 26 « « PUNCT _ 27 she punct 27 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 he conj 28 » » PUNCT _ 27 she punct 29 , , PUNCT _ 31 it punct 30 « « PUNCT _ 31 it punct 31 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 she conj 32 » » PUNCT _ 31 it punct 33 , , PUNCT _ 35 they punct 34 « « PUNCT _ 35 they punct 35 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 she conj 36 » » PUNCT _ 35 they punct 37 , , PUNCT _ 39 we punct 38 « « PUNCT _ 39 we punct 39 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 35 they conj 40 » » PUNCT _ 39 we punct 41 , , PUNCT _ 43 you punct 42 « « PUNCT _ 43 you punct 43 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 39 we conj 44 » » PUNCT _ 43 you punct 45 and and CCONJ _ 47 I cc 46 « « PUNCT _ 47 I punct 47 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 39 we conj 48 » » PUNCT _ 39 we punct 49 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pronoun a word tree rules 2 use participle a word not said here instead a noun vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 not have present · do-support we tree rules 4 repeat to-infinitive we not said here pronoun tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Possessive pronouns show who something belongs to: «mine», «yours», «hers», «ours», «theirs».
The tree, 12 words amod nsubj obl nsubj ccomp case punct punct obl punct punct punct parataxis punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct punct root Possessive ADJ pronouns NOUN show VERB who PRON something PRON belongs VERB to ADP : PUNCT « PUNCT mine PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT yours PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT hers PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT ours PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT theirs PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Possessive possessive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 pronouns amod 2 pronouns pronoun NOUN Number=Plur 3 show nsubj 3 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 belongs obl 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 belongs nsubj 6 belongs belong VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 show ccomp 7 to to ADP _ 10 mine case 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 mine punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 mine punct 10 mine my PRON Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 belongs obl 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 mine punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 yours punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 yours punct 14 yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 belongs parataxis 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 yours punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 hers punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 hers punct 18 hers her PRON Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 yours conj 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 hers punct 20 , , PUNCT _ 22 ours punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 22 ours punct 22 ours our PRON Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 yours conj 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 ours punct 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 theirs punct 25 « « PUNCT _ 26 theirs punct 26 theirs their PRON Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 22 ours conj 27 » » PUNCT _ 26 theirs punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 3 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present Possessive pronouns vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 belong present something mine tree rules
Meaning 3 Relative pronouns like «who», «which» and «that» join extra information to a noun: «the girl who won».
The tree, 17 words amod nsubj mark punct appos punct punct punct obj punct cc punct nsubj punct amod obj case det obl punct punct det appos nsubj acl:relcl punct punct root Relative ADJ pronouns NOUN like SCONJ « PUNCT who PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT which PRON » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT that PRON » PUNCT join VERB extra ADJ information NOUN to ADP a DET noun NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET girl NOUN who PRON won VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Relative relative ADJ Degree=Pos 2 pronouns amod 2 pronouns pronoun NOUN Number=Plur 15 join nsubj 3 like like SCONJ _ 5 who mark 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 who punct 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 2 pronouns appos 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 who punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 15 join punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 which punct 9 which which PRON PronType=Rel 15 join obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 which punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 15 join cc 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 that punct 13 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 join nsubj 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 that punct 15 join join VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 16 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 17 information amod 17 information information NOUN Number=Sing 15 join obj 18 to to ADP _ 20 noun case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 noun det 20 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 15 join obl 21 : : PUNCT _ 24 girl punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 24 girl punct 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 girl det 24 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 20 noun appos 25 who who PRON PronType=Rel 26 won nsubj 26 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 24 girl acl:relcl 27 » » PUNCT _ 24 girl punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 15 join punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join infinitive Relative pronouns extra information to a noun tree rules 2 win in a quote past the girl vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 «She» is a pronoun in «She is my sister».
punct nsubj punct cop det case punct nsubj cop nmod:poss nmod punct punct root « PUNCT She PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET pronoun NOUN in ADP « PUNCT She PRON is AUX my PRON sister NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 She punct 2 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 pronoun nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 She punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pronoun cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pronoun det 6 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 12 sister case 8 « « PUNCT _ 12 sister punct 9 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 sister nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 sister cop 11 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 sister nmod:poss 12 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 6 pronoun nmod 13 » » PUNCT _ 6 pronoun punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 pronoun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a pronoun tree rules 2 is in a quote present She in my sister tree rules
Example 2 Replace «the dog» with a pronoun: «It barked».
punct det obj punct case det obl punct punct nsubj parataxis punct punct root Replace VERB « PUNCT the DET dog NOUN » PUNCT with ADP a DET pronoun NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON barked VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Replace replace VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 « « PUNCT _ 4 dog punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 dog det 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 1 Replace obj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 dog punct 6 with with ADP _ 8 pronoun case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pronoun det 8 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 1 Replace obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 barked punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 barked punct 11 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 barked nsubj 12 barked bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Replace parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 barked punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Replace punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 replace imperative you not said here the dog with a pronoun tree rules 2 bark in a quote past dog vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 «Mine» is a possessive pronoun.
punct nsubj punct cop det amod punct root « PUNCT Mine PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET possessive ADJ pronoun NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Mine punct 2 Mine my PRON Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 pronoun nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Mine punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pronoun cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pronoun det 6 possessive possessive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pronoun amod 7 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 pronoun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mine a possessive pronoun tree rules
Example 4 «Who» is a relative pronoun in «the boy who laughed».
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj punct cop det amod case punct det nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct punct root « PUNCT Who PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET relative ADJ pronoun NOUN in ADP « PUNCT the DET boy NOUN who PRON laughed VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 7 pronoun punct 2 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 pronoun nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Who punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pronoun cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pronoun det 6 relative relative ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pronoun amod 7 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 11 boy case 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 boy punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 boy det 11 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 7 pronoun nmod 12 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 laughed nsubj 13 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 boy acl:relcl 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 laughed punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 pronoun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a relative pronoun in the boy tree rules 2 laugh in a quote past the boy vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 «Myself» is a reflexive pronoun.
punct nsubj punct cop det amod punct root « PUNCT Myself PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET reflexive ADJ pronoun NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Myself punct 2 Myself myself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 pronoun nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Myself punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pronoun cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pronoun det 6 reflexive reflexive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pronoun amod 7 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 pronoun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Myself a reflexive pronoun tree rules
Example 6 Too many pronouns can confuse the reader about who is who.
advmod amod nsubj aux det obj case nmod cop nsubj punct root Too ADV many ADJ pronouns NOUN can AUX confuse VERB the DET reader NOUN about ADP who PRON is AUX who PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Too too ADV _ 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pronouns amod 3 pronouns pronoun NOUN Number=Plur 5 confuse nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 confuse aux 5 confuse confuse VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 reader det 7 reader reader NOUN Number=Sing 5 confuse obj 8 about about ADP _ 9 who case 9 who who PRON PronType=Int 7 reader nmod 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 who cop 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 who nsubj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 confuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 confuse can many pronouns the reader vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reader=Patient 2 is a present the reader tree rules
Example 7 «They» can be used for one person whose gender you don't know.
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj:pass punct aux aux:pass case nummod obl nmod:poss nmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root « PUNCT They PRON » PUNCT can AUX be AUX used VERB for ADP one NUM person NOUN whose PRON gender NOUN you PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 used punct 2 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 used nsubj:pass 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 They punct 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 used aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 used aux:pass 6 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 person case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 person nummod 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 used obl 10 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 11 gender nmod:poss 11 gender gender NOUN Number=Sing 9 person nmod 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 know nsubj 13 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 know aux 14 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 15 know advmod 15 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 gender acl:relcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use can · passive They for one person one person one person's gender's gender vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for person=Eventuality 2 not know present · do-support you one person one person gender's gender's gender not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer gender=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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