proofread Who acts: you, I, my, Proofreading, job, mum · What happens: read, find, finish, print, proofread, hand in · To what, where: piece, spelling, story, email, three spelling mistakes, letter
«proofread» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: proofread in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To read a piece of writing carefully to find and correct mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar before it is finished or printed.
The tree, 23 words mark det obj case nmod advmod mark advcl cc amod conj case obl punct conj cc conj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl cc conj punct root To PART read VERB a DET piece NOUN of ADP writing NOUN carefully ADV to PART find VERB and CCONJ correct ADJ mistakes NOUN in ADP spelling NOUN , PUNCT punctuation NOUN and CCONJ grammar NOUN before SCONJ it PRON is AUX finished VERB or CCONJ printed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 read mark 2 read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 piece det 4 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 writing case 6 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 4 piece nmod 7 carefully carefully ADV _ 2 read advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 find mark 9 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 read advcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 mistakes cc 11 correct correct ADJ Degree=Pos 12 mistakes amod 12 mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 9 find conj 13 in in ADP _ 14 spelling case 14 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 9 find obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 punctuation punct 16 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 14 spelling conj 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 grammar cc 18 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 14 spelling conj 19 before before SCONJ _ 22 finished mark 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 finished nsubj:pass 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 finished aux:pass 22 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 find advcl 23 or or CCONJ _ 24 printed cc 24 printed print VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 22 finished conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read to-infinitive a piece of writing carefully property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Topic 2 find to-infinitive spelling and punctuation and grammar vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 finish present · passive piece vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality 4 print participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Always proofread your story before you hand it in.
advmod nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl obj compound:prt punct root Always ADV proofread VERB your PRON story NOUN before SCONJ you PRON hand VERB it PRON in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 proofread advmod 2 proofread proofread VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 story nmod:poss 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 proofread obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 hand mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 hand nsubj 7 hand hand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 proofread advcl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 hand obj 9 in in ADP _ 7 hand compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 proofread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 proofread imperative you not said here your story always property vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme 2 hand in present you story vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 2 I proofread my email and found three spelling mistakes.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj nummod compound obj punct root I PRON proofread VERB my PRON email NOUN and CCONJ found VERB three NUM spelling NOUN mistakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 proofread nsubj 2 proofread proofread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 email nmod:poss 4 email email NOUN Number=Sing 2 proofread obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 found cc 6 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 proofread conj 7 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 mistakes nummod 8 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 9 mistakes compound 9 mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 6 found obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 proofread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 proofread past I my email vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent email=Theme 2 find past I not said here three spelling mistakes vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Topic 3 email my nom email «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Can you proofread my letter, please?
aux nsubj nmod:poss obj punct discourse punct root Can AUX you PRON proofread VERB my PRON letter NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 proofread aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 proofread nsubj 3 proofread proofread VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 letter nmod:poss 5 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 proofread obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 proofread punct 7 please please INTJ _ 3 proofread discourse 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 proofread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 proofread can you my letter vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme 2 letter my nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Proofreading helps you catch missing full stops.
nsubj obj xcomp xcomp amod conj punct root Proofreading NOUN helps VERB you PRON catch VERB missing ADJ full ADJ stops VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Proofreading proofreading NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 helps obj 4 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 5 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 4 catch xcomp 6 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stops amod 7 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 missing conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Proofreading you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 catch infinitive you not said here missing property vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 stop present you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 My mum's job is to proofread books before they are printed.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj cop mark obj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root My PRON mum NOUN 's PART job NOUN is AUX to PART proofread VERB books NOUN before SCONJ they PRON are AUX printed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 mum nmod:poss 2 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 job nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 mum case 4 job job NOUN Number=Sing 7 proofread nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 proofread cop 6 to to PART _ 7 proofread mark 7 proofread proofread VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 books book NOUN Number=Plur 7 proofread obj 9 before before SCONJ _ 12 printed mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 printed nsubj:pass 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 printed aux:pass 12 printed print VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 proofread advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 proofread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My mum's job proofread property tree rules 2 print present · passive books = book vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 3 job My mum nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 She proofreads by reading her work aloud.
nsubj mark advcl nmod:poss obj advmod punct root She PRON proofreads VERB by SCONJ reading VERB her PRON work NOUN aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 proofreads nsubj 2 proofreads proofread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 reading mark 4 reading read VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 proofreads advcl 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 work nmod:poss 6 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 reading obj 7 aloud aloud ADV _ 4 reading advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 proofreads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 proofread present She vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 read gerund She not said here her work aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Topic 3 work her = she nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The spellchecker didn't notice "there" for "their", so proofread too.
The tree, 11 words det nsubj aux advmod punct advmod punct case punct conj punct punct advmod conj advmod punct root The DET spellchecker NOUN did AUX n't PART notice VERB " PUNCT there ADV " PUNCT for ADP " PUNCT their PRON " PUNCT , PUNCT so ADV proofread VERB too ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spellchecker det 2 spellchecker spellchecker NOUN Number=Sing 5 notice nsubj 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 notice aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 notice advmod 5 notice notice VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 there punct 7 there there ADV PronType=Dem 5 notice advmod 8 " " PUNCT _ 7 there punct 9 for for ADP _ 11 their case 10 " " PUNCT _ 11 their punct 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 there conj 12 " " PUNCT _ 11 their punct 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 proofread punct 14 so so ADV _ 15 proofread advmod 15 proofread proofread VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 notice conj 16 too too ADV _ 15 proofread advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 notice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not notice past · do-support the spellchecker there vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 proofread infinitive the spellchecker not said here vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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