proof Who acts: evidence, Facts, clear steps, statement, you, footprints · What happens: show, be, add, mean, protect, have · To what, where: something, proof, childproof lids, receipt · Speech: someone speaks here
«proof» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: proof in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Facts or evidence that show something is true.
nsubj cc conj nsubj acl obj cop punct root Facts NOUN or CCONJ evidence NOUN that PRON show VERB something PRON is AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 8 true nsubj 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 evidence cc 3 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 1 Facts conj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 show nsubj 5 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 evidence acl 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 show obj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 true cop 8 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present evidence something vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient 2 is present Facts or evidence true property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In maths, a set of clear steps that shows a statement must be true.
The tree, 14 words case punct det conj case amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl det nsubj aux cop ccomp punct root In ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT a DET set NOUN of ADP clear ADJ steps NOUN that PRON shows VERB a DET statement NOUN must AUX be AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 set punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 set det 5 set set NOUN Number=Sing 2 maths conj 6 of of ADP _ 8 steps case 7 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 8 steps amod 8 steps step NOUN Number=Plur 5 set nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 shows nsubj 10 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 steps acl:relcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 statement det 12 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 15 true nsubj 13 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 true aux 14 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 15 true cop 15 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 10 shows ccomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 maths punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present clear steps vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is must a statement true property tree rules
Meaning 3 Added to a word, "-proof" means protected against something: waterproof, soundproof, childproof.
The tree, 12 words nsubj case det obl punct punct punct appos punct ccomp case obl:agent punct amod punct conj punct conj punct root Added VERB to ADP a DET word NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT - PUNCT proof NOUN " PUNCT means VERB protected VERB against ADP something PRON : PUNCT waterproof ADJ , PUNCT soundproof ADJ , PUNCT childproof ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Added add VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 means nsubj 2 to to ADP _ 4 word case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 word det 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing 1 Added obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 proof punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 proof punct 7 - - PUNCT _ 8 proof punct 8 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 4 word appos 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 proof punct 10 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 protected protect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 means ccomp 12 against against ADP _ 13 something case 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 protected obl:agent 14 : : PUNCT _ 15 waterproof punct 15 waterproof waterproof ADJ Degree=Pos 13 something amod 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 soundproof punct 17 soundproof soundproof ADJ Degree=Pos 15 waterproof conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 childproof punct 19 childproof childproof ADJ Degree=Pos 15 waterproof conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 10 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert participle to a word vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to word=Co-Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 protect participle vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Do you have proof that you finished your homework?
aux nsubj obj obj nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj punct root Do AUX you PRON have VERB proof NOUN that PRON you PRON finished VERB your PRON homework NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 have aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 finished obj 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 finished nsubj 7 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 proof acl:relcl 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 homework nmod:poss 9 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 7 finished obj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support you proof vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proof=Patient 2 finish past you proof tree rules
Example 2 The footprints were proof that a fox had visited.
det nsubj cop mark det nsubj aux acl punct root The DET footprints NOUN were AUX proof NOUN that SCONJ a DET fox NOUN had AUX visited VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 footprints det 2 footprints footprint NOUN Number=Plur 4 proof nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 proof cop 4 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 9 visited mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fox det 7 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 9 visited nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 visited aux 9 visited visit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 proof acl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 proof punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the footprints proof tree rules 2 visit past · perfect a fox proof not said here vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proof=Co-Agent
Example 3 My coat is waterproof, so I stayed dry.
nmod:poss nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj conj xcomp punct root My PRON coat NOUN is AUX waterproof ADJ , PUNCT so ADV I PRON stayed VERB dry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 coat nmod:poss 2 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 4 waterproof nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 waterproof cop 4 waterproof waterproof ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 stayed punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 stayed advmod 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 stayed nsubj 8 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 waterproof conj 9 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 8 stayed xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 waterproof punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My coat waterproof property tree rules 2 stay past I dry property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Medicine bottles have childproof lids.
compound nsubj amod obj punct root Medicine NOUN bottles NOUN have VERB childproof ADJ lids NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 2 bottles compound 2 bottles bottle NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 childproof childproof ADJ Degree=Pos 5 lids amod 5 lids lid NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Medicine bottles childproof lids vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lid=Patient
Example 5 The teacher showed a proof that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj det obj mark det nsubj case det nmod acl compound:prt case nummod obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN showed VERB a DET proof NOUN that SCONJ the DET angles NOUN of ADP a DET triangle NOUN add VERB up ADP to ADP 180 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 proof det 5 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 6 that that SCONJ _ 12 add mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 angles det 8 angles angle NOUN Number=Plur 12 add nsubj 9 of of ADP _ 11 triangle case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 triangle det 11 triangle triangle NOUN Number=Sing 8 angles nmod 12 add add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 proof acl 13 up up ADP _ 12 add compound:prt 14 to to ADP _ 16 degrees case 15 180 180 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 degrees nummod 16 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 12 add obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the teacher a proof vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent proof=Recipient 2 add up speech: assert present the angles of a triangle a proof not said here to 180 degrees vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent proof=Patient to degree=Co-Patient
Example 6 Keep the receipt as proof that you paid.
det obj case obl mark nsubj advcl punct root Keep VERB the DET receipt NOUN as ADP proof NOUN that SCONJ you PRON paid VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 receipt det 3 receipt receipt NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 4 as as ADP _ 5 proof case 5 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obl 6 that that SCONJ _ 8 paid mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 paid nsubj 8 paid pay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Keep advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here the receipt as proof vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent receipt=Theme 2 pay past you vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 One example is not proof that a rule always works.
nummod nsubj cop advmod mark det nsubj advmod acl punct root One NUM example NOUN is AUX not PART proof NOUN that SCONJ a DET rule NOUN always ADV works VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 example nummod 2 example example NOUN Number=Sing 5 proof nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 proof cop 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 proof advmod 5 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 10 works mark 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 rule det 8 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 10 works nsubj 9 always always ADV PronType=Tot 10 works advmod 10 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 proof acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 proof punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present One example proof tree rules 2 work present a rule proof not said here always property vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent proof=Material
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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