puff

Who acts: example, puff, I, wolf, you, bird · What happens: burst, breathe, run, blow out, swell up, make · To what, where: air, cheeks, food, chimney, smoke, hill

«puff» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: puff in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A short burst of air, smoke, wind or steam.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 burst	det
2	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 burst	amod
3	burst	burst	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 air	case
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burst	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 smoke	punct
7	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burst	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 wind	punct
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burst	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 steam	cc
11	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wind	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 burst	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burst			air					nom burst «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To breathe quickly and hard, for example after running.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 breathe	mark
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	2 breathe	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 hard	cc
5	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 quickly	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 example	punct
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 example	case
8	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	obl
9	after	after	SCONJ	_	10 running	mark
10	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 example	acl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breathe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	to-infinitive						for example; quickly property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	run	gerund	example not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To blow out air or smoke in small bursts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 blow	mark
2	blow	blow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 blow	compound:prt
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blow	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 smoke	cc
6	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 air	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 bursts	case
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bursts	amod
9	bursts	burst	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 blow	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 blow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow out	to-infinitive		air or smoke				in small bursts	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Patient in burst=Topic

Meaning 4

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To swell up or make bigger: «puff out your cheeks».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 swell	mark
2	swell	swell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 swell	compound:prt
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 make	cc
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 swell	conj
6	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 make	xcomp
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 puff	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 puff	punct
9	puff	puff	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 swell	conj
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 puff	compound:prt
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 cheeks	nmod:poss
12	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 puff	obj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 puff	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 swell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	swell up	to-infinitive			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	make	infinitive		big property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	puff out in a quote	infinitive	your cheeks		vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cheek=Source

Meaning 5

A light pastry or food filled with air: «cream puff».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 pastry	det
2	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pastry	amod
3	pastry	pastry	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 food	cc
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pastry	conj
6	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 food	acl
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 air	case
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 filled	obl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 puff	punct
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 puff	punct
11	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 puff	compound
12	puff	puff	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pastry	appos
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 puff	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pastry	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	participle		food not said here				with air	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with air=Instrument

Example 1

A puff of smoke came from the chimney.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 puff	det
2	puff	puff	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 smoke	case
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 puff	nmod
5	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 chimney	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 chimney	det
8	chimney	chimney	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	a puff of smoke			the chimney			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from chimney=Initial_Location
2	puff			smoke					nom puff «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Example 2

I was puffing after running up the hill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 puffing	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 puffing	aux
3	puffing	puff	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	after	after	SCONJ	_	5 running	mark
5	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 puffing	advcl
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 running	compound:prt
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hill	det
8	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 running	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 puffing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	puff	past · progressive	I						vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
2	run up	gerund	I not said here	the hill					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hill=Trajectory

Example 3

The wolf huffed and puffed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wolf	det
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 huffed	nsubj
3	huffed	huff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 puffed	cc
5	puffed	puff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 huffed	conj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 huffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	huff	participle	the wolf						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	puff	participle	the wolf not said here						vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source

Example 4

Puff out your cheeks like a fish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Puff	puff	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	out	out	ADP	_	1 Puff	compound:prt
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 cheeks	nmod:poss
4	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Puff	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	7 fish	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fish	det
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Puff	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Puff	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	puff out	imperative	you not said here	your cheeks				like a fish	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cheek=Source

Example 5

The bird puffed up its feathers to keep warm.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 puffed	nsubj
3	puffed	puff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 puffed	compound:prt
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 feathers	nmod:poss
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 puffed	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 keep	mark
8	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 puffed	advcl
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 keep	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 puffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	puff up	participle	the bird	bird's feathers					vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Source
2	keep	to-infinitive	the bird not said here					warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 6

She took a puff of her asthma inhaler.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 puff	det
4	puff	puff	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 inhaler	case
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 inhaler	nmod:poss
7	asthma	asthma	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 inhaler	compound
8	inhaler	inhaler	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 puff	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 took	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	She	a puff of her asthma inhaler					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puff=Theme
2	puff			her asthma inhaler					nom puff «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Example 7

The magician vanished in a puff of smoke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 magician	det
2	magician	magician	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vanished	nsubj
3	vanished	vanish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 puff	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 puff	det
6	puff	puff	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vanished	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 smoke	case
8	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 puff	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 vanished	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vanish	past	the magician			a puff of smoke			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	puff			smoke					nom puff «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Example 8

The Frog puffed up still more.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Frog	det
2	Frog	Frog	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 puffed	nsubj
3	puffed	puff	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 puffed	compound:prt
5	still	still	ADV	_	6 more	advmod
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 puffed	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 puffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	puff up	past	the Frog	more					vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location more=Source

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/puff/