puffer Who acts: fish, pufferfish, small device, train, person, puffer · What happens: blow up, cover, scare away, be, eat, puff · To what, where: pufferfish, ball, enemies, medicine, lungs, inhaler
«puffer» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: puffer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pufferfish: a fish that can blow itself up into a ball, often covered in spikes, to scare away enemies; many are poisonous to eat.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj punct det appos nsubj aux acl:relcl obj compound:prt case det obl punct advmod conj case obl punct mark advcl compound:prt obj punct nsubj cop mark advcl punct root A DET pufferfish NOUN : PUNCT a DET fish NOUN that PRON can AUX blow VERB itself PRON up ADP into ADP a DET ball NOUN , PUNCT often ADV covered VERB in ADP spikes NOUN , PUNCT to PART scare VERB away ADP enemies NOUN ; PUNCT many ADJ are AUX poisonous ADJ to PART eat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pufferfish det 2 pufferfish pufferfish NOUN Number=Sing 27 poisonous nsubj 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 fish punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fish det 5 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 2 pufferfish appos 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 blow nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 blow aux 8 blow blow VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 fish acl:relcl 9 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 8 blow obj 10 up up ADP _ 8 blow compound:prt 11 into into ADP _ 13 ball case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 ball det 13 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 8 blow obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 covered punct 15 often often ADV _ 16 covered advmod 16 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 blow conj 17 in in ADP _ 18 spikes case 18 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 16 covered obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 scare punct 20 to to PART _ 21 scare mark 21 scare scare VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 blow advcl 22 away away ADP _ 21 scare compound:prt 23 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur 21 scare obj 24 ; ; PUNCT _ 27 poisonous punct 25 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 27 poisonous nsubj 26 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 poisonous cop 27 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 28 to to PART _ 29 eat mark 29 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 poisonous advcl 30 . . PUNCT _ 27 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow up can a fish pufferfish a ball vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent itself=Material into ball=Product 2 cover participle a fish not said here in spikes; often property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in spike=Theme 3 scare away to-infinitive a fish not said here enemies vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus enemy=Experiencer 4 is present a pufferfish poisonous property tree rules 5 eat to-infinitive a pufferfish not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: UK, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.
An inhaler, a small device that puffs medicine into your lungs, used for asthma.
The tree, 14 words det punct det amod appos nsubj acl:relcl obj case nmod:poss obl punct acl case obl punct root An DET inhaler NOUN , PUNCT a DET small ADJ device NOUN that PRON puffs VERB medicine NOUN into ADP your PRON lungs NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP asthma NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 inhaler det 2 inhaler inhaler NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 device punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 device det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 device amod 6 device device NOUN Number=Sing 2 inhaler appos 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 puffs nsubj 8 puffs puff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 device acl:relcl 9 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 8 puffs obj 10 into into ADP _ 12 lungs case 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 lungs nmod:poss 12 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 8 puffs obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 used punct 14 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 inhaler acl 15 for for ADP _ 16 asthma case 16 asthma asthma NOUN Number=Sing 14 used obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 inhaler punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 puff present a small device medicine your lungs vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location medicine=Source 2 use participle a inhaler not said here for asthma vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 A puffer jacket: a warm, padded coat with puffy stuffed sections.
det compound punct det amod punct amod appos case amod amod nmod punct root A DET puffer NOUN jacket NOUN : PUNCT a DET warm ADJ , PUNCT padded VERB coat NOUN with ADP puffy ADJ stuffed VERB sections NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 jacket det 2 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing 3 jacket compound 3 jacket jacket NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 9 coat punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 coat det 6 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 9 coat amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 warm punct 8 padded pad VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 coat amod 9 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 3 jacket appos 10 with with ADP _ 13 sections case 11 puffy puffy ADJ Degree=Pos 13 sections amod 12 stuffed stuff VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 sections amod 13 sections section NOUN Number=Plur 9 coat nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 jacket punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pad participle vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stuff participle vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.
A small steam boat or train that puffs smoke; a person who puffs.
The tree, 13 words det amod compound cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct det conj nsubj acl:relcl punct root A DET small ADJ steam NOUN boat NOUN or CCONJ train NOUN that PRON puffs VERB smoke NOUN ; PUNCT a DET person NOUN who PRON puffs VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 boat det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 boat amod 3 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 4 boat compound 4 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 train cc 6 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 boat conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 puffs nsubj 8 puffs puff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 train acl:relcl 9 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 8 puffs obj 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 person punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 person det 12 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 boat conj 13 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 puffs nsubj 14 puffs puff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 person acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 boat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 puff present train smoke vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location smoke=Source 2 puff present a person vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
Example 1 The puffer blew itself up into a spiky ball.
det nsubj obj compound:prt case det amod obl punct root The DET puffer NOUN blew VERB itself PRON up ADP into ADP a DET spiky ADJ ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puffer det 2 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew nsubj 3 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 blew obj 5 up up ADP _ 3 blew compound:prt 6 into into ADP _ 9 ball case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 ball det 8 spiky spiky ADJ Degree=Pos 9 ball amod 9 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow up past the puffer puffer a spiky ball vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent itself=Material into ball=Product
Example 2 Puffers are poisonous, so never eat one you catch.
nsubj cop punct advmod advmod parataxis obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Puffers NOUN are AUX poisonous ADJ , PUNCT so ADV never ADV eat VERB one NUM you PRON catch VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Puffers puffer NOUN Number=Plur 3 poisonous nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 poisonous cop 3 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 eat punct 5 so so ADV _ 7 eat advmod 6 never never ADV PronType=Neg 7 eat advmod 7 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 poisonous parataxis 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 eat obj 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 catch nsubj 10 catch catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 one acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Puffers poisonous property tree rules 2 not eat infinitive one vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient 3 catch present you vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Jack uses his blue puffer when his asthma gets bad.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Jack PROPN uses VERB his PRON blue ADJ puffer NOUN when ADV his PRON asthma NOUN gets VERB bad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 2 uses nsubj 2 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 puffer nmod:poss 4 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 5 puffer amod 5 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing 2 uses obj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 gets advmod 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 asthma nmod:poss 8 asthma asthma NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets nsubj 9 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 uses advcl 10 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 gets xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Jack Jack's blue puffer vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puffer=Patient 2 get present Jack's asthma bad property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 Take your puffer on the school trip, just in case.
nmod:poss obj case det compound obl punct advmod case obl punct root Take VERB your PRON puffer NOUN on ADP the DET school NOUN trip NOUN , PUNCT just ADV in ADP case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 puffer nmod:poss 3 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obj 4 on on ADP _ 7 trip case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trip det 6 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 trip compound 7 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 case punct 9 just just ADV _ 11 case advmod 10 in in ADP _ 11 case case 11 case case NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here your puffer the school trip in case vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent puffer=Theme on trip=Destination
Example 5 My new puffer jacket is so warm.
nmod:poss amod compound nsubj cop advmod punct root My PRON new ADJ puffer NOUN jacket NOUN is AUX so ADV warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 jacket nmod:poss 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 jacket amod 3 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing 4 jacket compound 4 jacket jacket NOUN Number=Sing 7 warm nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 warm cop 6 so so ADV _ 7 warm advmod 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 warm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My new puffer jacket warm property tree rules
Example 6 The old steam puffer chugged up the Scottish coast.
det amod compound acl compound:prt det amod obl punct root The DET old ADJ steam NOUN puffer NOUN chugged VERB up ADP the DET Scottish ADJ coast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 puffer det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 puffer amod 3 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 4 puffer compound 4 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 chugged chug VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 puffer acl 6 up up ADP _ 5 chugged compound:prt 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 coast det 8 Scottish Scottish ADJ Degree=Pos 9 coast amod 9 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 5 chugged obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 puffer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chug up participle the old steam puffer not said here the Scottish coast vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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