puma Who acts: puma, Pumas, spots, cubs · What happens: be, call, leap, stalk, live, bear · To what, where: large wild cat, puma, tree, deer, forest, three names · Speech: someone speaks here
«puma» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: puma in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A puma is a large wild cat of North and South America with a plain sandy-brown coat and a long tail. It is also called a cougar or mountain lion.
Sentence 1: A puma is a large wild cat of North and South America with a plain sandy-brown coat and a long tail.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case compound cc conj nmod case det amod amod punct amod nmod cc det amod conj punct root A DET puma NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ wild ADJ cat NOUN of ADP North PROPN and CCONJ South PROPN America PROPN with ADP a DET plain ADJ sandy ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ coat NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ tail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 puma det 2 puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 7 cat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cat cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cat det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cat amod 6 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cat amod 7 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 12 America case 9 North North PROPN Number=Sing 12 America compound 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 South cc 11 South South PROPN Number=Sing 9 North conj 12 America America PROPN Number=Sing 7 cat nmod 13 with with ADP _ 19 coat case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 coat det 15 plain plain ADJ Degree=Pos 19 coat amod 16 sandy sandy ADJ Degree=Pos 18 brown amod 17 - - PUNCT _ 16 sandy punct 18 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 19 coat amod 19 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 7 cat nmod 20 and and CCONJ _ 23 tail cc 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 tail det 22 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 23 tail amod 23 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 19 coat conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 cat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a puma a large wild cat of North America; with a plain brown coat and a long tail tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It is also called a cougar or mountain lion.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod det xcomp cc compound conj punct root It PRON is AUX also ADV called VERB a DET cougar NOUN or CCONJ mountain NOUN lion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 called nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 called aux:pass 3 also also ADV _ 4 called advmod 4 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cougar det 6 cougar cougar NOUN Number=Sing 4 called xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 lion cc 8 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 9 lion compound 9 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 6 cougar conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive puma vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 A puma can leap high into a tree.
det nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root A DET puma NOUN can AUX leap VERB high ADV into ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 puma det 2 puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 4 leap nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 leap aux 4 leap leap VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 high high ADV Degree=Pos 4 leap advmod 6 into into ADP _ 8 tree case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 tree det 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 leap obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 leap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leap can a puma a tree high property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into tree=Destination
Example 2 The puma stalked a deer through the forest.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET puma NOUN stalked VERB a DET deer NOUN through ADP the DET forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puma det 2 puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 3 stalked nsubj 3 stalked stalk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 deer det 5 deer deer NOUN Number=Sing 3 stalked obj 6 through through ADP _ 8 forest case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 forest det 8 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 3 stalked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 stalked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stalk past the puma a deer the forest vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent deer=Theme through forest=Location
Example 3 Pumas live alone except for mothers with cubs.
nsubj advmod case case obl case nmod punct root Pumas NOUN live VERB alone ADV except ADP for ADP mothers NOUN with ADP cubs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pumas puma NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 alone alone ADV _ 2 live advmod 4 except except ADP _ 6 mothers case 5 for for ADP _ 6 mothers case 6 mothers mother NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 7 with with ADP _ 8 cubs case 8 cubs cub NOUN Number=Plur 6 mothers nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Pumas except mothers with cubs; alone property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Puma, cougar and mountain lion are three names for the same cat.
nsubj punct conj cc compound conj cop nummod case det amod nmod punct root Puma NOUN , PUNCT cougar NOUN and CCONJ mountain NOUN lion NOUN are AUX three NUM names NOUN for ADP the DET same ADJ cat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 9 names nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 cougar punct 3 cougar cougar NOUN Number=Sing 1 Puma conj 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 lion cc 5 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 6 lion compound 6 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 1 Puma conj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 names cop 8 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 names nummod 9 names name NOUN Number=Plur root root 10 for for ADP _ 13 cat case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 cat det 12 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 13 cat amod 13 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 9 names nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 names punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Puma and cougar and mountain lion three names for the same cat tree rules
Example 5 Puma cubs are born with spots that fade as they grow.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj advcl punct root Puma NOUN cubs NOUN are AUX born VERB with ADP spots NOUN that PRON fade VERB as SCONJ they PRON grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 2 cubs compound 2 cubs cub NOUN Number=Plur 4 born nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 born aux:pass 4 born bear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 spots case 6 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 4 born obl 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 fade nsubj 8 fade fade VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 spots acl:relcl 9 as as SCONJ _ 11 grow mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 grow nsubj 11 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 fade advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 born punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bear present · passive Puma cubs with spots vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 fade present spots vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 grow present cubs = cub vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Hikers in Canada were warned about a puma nearby.
nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass case det obl advmod punct root Hikers NOUN in ADP Canada PROPN were AUX warned VERB about ADP a DET puma NOUN nearby ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hikers hiker NOUN Number=Plur 5 warned nsubj:pass 2 in in ADP _ 3 Canada case 3 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 1 Hikers nmod 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 warned aux:pass 5 warned warn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 about about ADP _ 8 puma case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 puma det 8 puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 5 warned obl 9 nearby nearby ADV _ 8 puma advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 warned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn past · passive Hikers in Canada about a puma vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: subject=Recipient about puma=Topic
Example 7 But the puma easily saw through these excuses, and laughed at him.
cc det nsubj advmod case det obl punct cc conj case obl punct root But CCONJ the DET puma NOUN easily ADV saw VERB through ADP these DET excuses NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ laughed VERB at ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 5 saw cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puma det 3 puma puma NOUN Number=Sing 5 saw nsubj 4 easily easily ADV _ 5 saw advmod 5 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 through through ADP _ 8 excuses case 7 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 8 excuses det 8 excuses excuse NOUN Number=Plur 5 saw obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 laughed punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 laughed cc 11 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 saw conj 12 at at ADP _ 13 him case 13 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 laughed obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past the puma this excuses easily property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 laugh past the puma not said here at puma vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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