pumice Who acts: Pumice, frothy lava, lava, pumice stone, only rock, bubbly lava · What happens: be, make, cool, float, use, rub away · To what, where: light, water, piece, rock, hard skin, feet
«pumice» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pumice in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Pumice is a very light, rough grey rock full of tiny holes, made when frothy lava from a volcano cools quickly; it can float on water.
The tree, 26 words nsubj cop det advmod punct amod amod conj amod case amod obl punct acl mark amod nsubj case det nmod advcl advmod punct nsubj aux parataxis case obl punct root Pumice NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV light NOUN , PUNCT rough ADJ grey ADJ rock NOUN full ADJ of ADP tiny ADJ holes NOUN , PUNCT made VERB when SCONJ frothy ADJ lava NOUN from ADP a DET volcano NOUN cools VERB quickly ADV ; PUNCT it PRON can AUX float VERB on ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 5 light nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 light cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 light det 4 very very ADV _ 5 light advmod 5 light light NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 rock punct 7 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rock amod 8 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rock amod 9 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 5 light conj 10 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rock amod 11 of of ADP _ 13 holes case 12 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 13 holes amod 13 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 10 full obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 made punct 15 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 light acl 16 when when SCONJ _ 22 cools mark 17 frothy frothy ADJ Degree=Pos 18 lava amod 18 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 22 cools nsubj 19 from from ADP _ 21 volcano case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 volcano det 21 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 18 lava nmod 22 cools cool VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 made advcl 23 quickly quickly ADV _ 22 cools advmod 24 ; ; PUNCT _ 27 float punct 25 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 float nsubj 26 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 27 float aux 27 float float VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 light parataxis 28 on on ADP _ 29 water case 29 water water NOUN Number=Sing 27 float obl 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pumice a light and rough grey rock tree rules 2 make participle a light and rough grey rock not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 cool present frothy lava from a volcano quickly property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 float can lava water vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pumice stone is a piece of this rock used to rub away hard skin, for example on your feet.
The tree, 20 words det compound nsubj cop det case det nmod acl mark xcomp advmod amod obj punct case obl case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET pumice NOUN stone NOUN is AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP this DET rock NOUN used VERB to PART rub VERB away ADV hard ADJ skin NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN on ADP your PRON feet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 stone det 2 pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 3 stone compound 3 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piece cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piece det 6 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 rock case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 rock det 9 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nmod 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 rock acl 11 to to PART _ 12 rub mark 12 rub rub VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 used xcomp 13 away away ADV _ 12 rub advmod 14 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 15 skin amod 15 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 12 rub obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 example punct 17 for for ADP _ 18 example case 18 example example NOUN Number=Sing 12 rub obl 19 on on ADP _ 21 feet case 20 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 feet nmod:poss 21 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 12 rub obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pumice stone a piece of this rock tree rules 2 use participle this rock not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 rub away to-infinitive hard skin your feet for example; away property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skin=Theme on foot=Destination
Example 1 Pumice is the only rock that floats on water.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root Pumice NOUN is AUX the DET only ADJ rock NOUN that PRON floats VERB on ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 5 rock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rock cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 rock det 4 only only ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rock amod 5 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 floats nsubj 7 floats float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rock acl:relcl 8 on on ADP _ 9 water case 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 floats obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 rock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pumice the only rock tree rules 2 float present the only rock water vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory
Example 2 Pumice forms when bubbly lava cools very quickly.
nsubj mark amod nsubj advcl advmod advmod punct root Pumice NOUN forms VERB when SCONJ bubbly ADJ lava NOUN cools VERB very ADV quickly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 2 forms nsubj 2 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when SCONJ _ 6 cools mark 4 bubbly bubbly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 lava amod 5 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 6 cools nsubj 6 cools cool VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 forms advcl 7 very very ADV _ 8 quickly advmod 8 quickly quickly ADV _ 6 cools advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 forms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form present Pumice vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 cool present bubbly lava quickly property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Nan uses a pumice stone on her heels.
nsubj det compound obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Nan PROPN uses VERB a DET pumice NOUN stone NOUN on ADP her PRON heels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nan Nan PROPN Number=Sing 2 uses nsubj 2 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stone det 4 pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 5 stone compound 5 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 2 uses obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 heels case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 heels nmod:poss 8 heels heel NOUN Number=Plur 5 stone nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Nan a pumice stone Nan's heels vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient
Example 4 After the eruption, a raft of pumice floated across the Pacific.
case det obl punct det nsubj:pass case nmod case det obl punct root After ADP the DET eruption NOUN , PUNCT a DET raft NOUN of ADP pumice NOUN floated VERB across ADP the DET Pacific PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 eruption case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 eruption det 3 eruption eruption NOUN Number=Sing 9 floated obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 eruption punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 raft det 6 raft raft NOUN Number=Sing 9 floated nsubj:pass 7 of of ADP _ 8 pumice case 8 pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 6 raft nmod 9 floated float VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 across across ADP _ 12 Pacific case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Pacific det 12 Pacific Pacific PROPN Number=Sing 9 floated obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 floated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float participle · passive a raft of pumice the Pacific after the eruption vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme across pacific=Trajectory
Example 5 We tested rocks in water, and the pumice floated.
nsubj obj case obl punct cc det nsubj conj punct root We PRON tested VERB rocks NOUN in ADP water NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET pumice NOUN floated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tested nsubj 2 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 2 tested obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 water case 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 tested obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 floated punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 floated cc 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pumice det 9 pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 10 floated nsubj 10 floated float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 tested conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 tested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test past We rocks water vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme 2 float past the pumice vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Pumice is rough, light and full of holes.
nsubj cop punct conj cc conj case obl punct root Pumice NOUN is AUX rough ADJ , PUNCT light NOUN and CCONJ full ADJ of ADP holes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 3 rough nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rough cop 3 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 light punct 5 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 rough conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 full cc 7 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rough conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 holes case 9 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 7 full obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rough punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Pumice rough property tree rules 2 be Pumice not said here of holes tree rules
Example 7 Some toothpastes and cleaners contain powdered pumice.
det nsubj cc conj amod obj punct root Some DET toothpastes NOUN and CCONJ cleaners NOUN contain VERB powdered VERB pumice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 toothpastes det 2 toothpastes toothpaste NOUN Number=Plur 5 contain nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 cleaners cc 4 cleaners cleaner NOUN Number=Plur 2 toothpastes conj 5 contain contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 powdered powder VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 pumice amod 7 pumice pumice NOUN Number=Sing 5 contain obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 contain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contain present some toothpastes and cleaners powdered pumice vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot pumice=Theme 2 powder participle vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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