punctuation Who acts: Punctuation, we, writing, meaning, you, your · What happens: be, use, stop, make, clear, show · To what, where: set, marks, writing, commas, meaning, way · Speech: someone speaks here
«punctuation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: punctuation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Punctuation is the set of marks we use in writing, such as full stops, commas, question marks and apostrophes, to make the meaning clear and show where to pause.
The tree, 29 words nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct mark fixed conj acl:relcl punct obj punct compound conj cc conj punct mark conj det obj xcomp cc conj advmod mark ccomp punct root Punctuation NOUN is AUX the DET set NOUN of ADP marks NOUN we PRON use VERB in ADP writing NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP full ADJ stops VERB , PUNCT commas NOUN , PUNCT question NOUN marks NOUN and CCONJ apostrophes NOUN , PUNCT to PART make VERB the DET meaning NOUN clear VERB and CCONJ show VERB where ADV to PART pause VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 4 set nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 set cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 set det 4 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 marks case 6 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 4 set nmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 use nsubj 8 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 marks acl:relcl 9 in in ADP _ 10 writing case 10 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 8 use obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 stops punct 12 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 15 stops mark 13 as as ADP _ 12 such fixed 14 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 12 such conj 15 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 writing acl:relcl 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 commas punct 17 commas comma NOUN Number=Plur 15 stops obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 marks punct 19 question question NOUN Number=Sing 20 marks compound 20 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 17 commas conj 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 apostrophes cc 22 apostrophes apostrophe NOUN Number=Plur 20 marks conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 make punct 24 to to PART _ 25 make mark 25 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 stops conj 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 meaning det 27 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 25 make obj 28 clear clear VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 make xcomp 29 and and CCONJ _ 30 show cc 30 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 28 clear conj 31 where where ADV PronType=Rel 33 pause advmod 32 to to PART _ 33 pause mark 33 pause pause VERB VerbForm=Inf 30 show ccomp 34 . . PUNCT _ 4 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Punctuation the set of marks tree rules 2 use present we marks not said here writing vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient 3 stop present writing not said here commas and question marks and apostrophes vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality comma=Eventuality 4 make to-infinitive writing not said here the meaning tree rules 5 clear infinitive the meaning not said here vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source 6 show infinitive the meaning not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 7 pause to-infinitive vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Punctuation is also the way you use these marks: «Check your punctuation».
The tree, 12 words nsubj cop advmod det nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct punct parataxis nmod:poss obj punct punct root Punctuation NOUN is AUX also ADV the DET way NOUN you PRON use VERB these DET marks NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Check VERB your PRON punctuation NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 5 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 way advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 way det 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 use nsubj 7 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way acl:relcl 8 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 9 marks det 9 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 7 use obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 Check punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 Check punct 12 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 way parataxis 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 punctuation nmod:poss 14 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 12 Check obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 Check punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Punctuation the way tree rules 2 use present you this marks vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient 3 check in a quote infinitive your punctuation vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent punctuation=Theme 4 punctuate in a quote your nom punctuation «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Remember your punctuation: capital letter at the start, full stop at the end.
The tree, 13 words nmod:poss obj punct compound appos case det nmod punct amod conj case det nmod punct root Remember VERB your PRON punctuation NOUN : PUNCT capital NOUN letter NOUN at ADP the DET start NOUN , PUNCT full ADJ stop NOUN at ADP the DET end NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Remember remember VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 punctuation nmod:poss 3 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Remember obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 letter punct 5 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing 6 letter compound 6 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 punctuation appos 7 at at ADP _ 9 start case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 start det 9 start start NOUN Number=Sing 6 letter nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 stop punct 11 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 12 stop amod 12 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 6 letter conj 13 at at ADP _ 15 end case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 end det 15 end end NOUN Number=Sing 12 stop nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Remember punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remember imperative you not said here your punctuation vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent punctuation=Theme 2 punctuate your nom punctuation «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 A question mark is a punctuation mark.
det compound nsubj cop det compound punct root A DET question NOUN mark NOUN is AUX a DET punctuation NOUN mark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 mark det 2 question question NOUN Number=Sing 3 mark compound 3 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 7 mark nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 mark cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mark det 6 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 7 mark compound 7 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 mark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a question mark a punctuation mark tree rules
Example 3 Commas save lives: «Let's eat, Grandma!»
nsubj obj punct punct parataxis obj xcomp punct vocative punct punct root Commas NOUN save VERB lives NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Let VERB 's PRON eat VERB , PUNCT Grandma NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Commas comma NOUN Number=Plur 2 save nsubj 2 save save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 lives life NOUN Number=Plur 2 save obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 Let punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 Let punct 6 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 save parataxis 7 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 Let obj 8 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 Let xcomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 Grandma punct 10 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 6 Let vocative 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 Let punct 12 » » PUNCT _ 6 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save present Commas lives tree rules 2 let in a quote infinitive 's Grandma vocative tree rules 3 eat in a quote infinitive 's not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 My teacher said my punctuation in speech was excellent.
nmod:poss nsubj nmod:poss obj case nsubj cop obl punct root My PRON teacher NOUN said VERB my PRON punctuation NOUN in ADP speech NOUN was AUX excellent ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 punctuation nmod:poss 5 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 3 said obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 excellent case 7 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 9 excellent nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 excellent cop 9 excellent excellent ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past My teacher my punctuation vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent punctuation=Topic 2 is past speech excellent property tree rules 3 punctuate my nom punctuation «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Use speech marks around the words a character says.
compound obj case det obl det nsubj acl:relcl punct root Use VERB speech NOUN marks NOUN around ADP the DET words NOUN a DET character NOUN says VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 marks compound 3 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 1 Use obj 4 around around ADP _ 6 words case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 words det 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 1 Use obl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 character det 8 character character NOUN Number=Sing 9 says nsubj 9 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 words acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here speech marks the words vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient 2 say speech: assert present a character the words not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
Example 6 The test had ten punctuation questions.
det nsubj nummod compound obj punct root The DET test NOUN had VERB ten NUM punctuation NOUN questions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 test det 2 test test NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 questions nummod 5 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 6 questions compound 6 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the test ten punctuation questions vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Patient
Example 7 Without punctuation, the sentence was hard to read.
case obl punct det nsubj cop mark xcomp punct root Without ADP punctuation NOUN , PUNCT the DET sentence NOUN was AUX hard ADJ to PART read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without ADP _ 2 punctuation case 2 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 7 hard obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 punctuation punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sentence det 5 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 7 hard nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 hard cop 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 to to PART _ 9 read mark 9 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 hard xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the sentence without punctuation; hard property tree rules 2 read to-infinitive the sentence not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Americans call a full stop a «period».
nsubj det amod obj det punct xcomp punct punct root Americans PROPN call VERB a DET full ADJ stop NOUN a DET « PUNCT period NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Americans American PROPN Number=Plur 2 call nsubj 2 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stop det 4 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stop amod 5 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 2 call obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 period det 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 period punct 8 period period NOUN Number=Sing 2 call xcomp 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 period punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present Americans a full stop vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent stop=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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