puncture Who acts: puncture, air, puncture wound, I, Dad, nail · What happens: be, make, come out, puncture, get, show · To what, where: small hole, something, deep small wound, puncture, bike, me
«puncture» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: puncture in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A puncture is a small hole made by something sharp, especially in a tyre so that the air comes out.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case obl:agent amod punct advmod case det conj mark fixed det nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root A DET puncture NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ hole NOUN made VERB by ADP something PRON sharp ADJ , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP a DET tyre NOUN so SCONJ that SCONJ the DET air NOUN comes VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 puncture det 2 puncture puncture NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hole cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hole det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hole amod 6 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 hole acl 8 by by ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 made obl:agent 10 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 9 something amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 tyre punct 12 especially especially ADV _ 15 tyre advmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 tyre case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tyre det 15 tyre tyre NOUN Number=Sing 10 sharp conj 16 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 comes mark 17 that that SCONJ _ 16 so fixed 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 air det 19 air air NOUN Number=Sing 20 comes nsubj 20 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 made advcl 21 out out ADP _ 20 comes compound:prt 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 hole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a puncture a small hole tree rules 2 make participle a small hole not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 come out present the air vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To puncture something is to make a small hole in it.
mark csubj obj cop mark det amod obj case nmod punct root To PART puncture VERB something PRON is AUX to PART make VERB a DET small ADJ hole NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 puncture mark 2 puncture puncture VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 puncture obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hole det 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 hole amod 9 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 10 in in ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hole nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 puncture to-infinitive something vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 is present make property tree rules
Meaning 3 A puncture wound is a deep, small wound made by something pointed, like a nail.
The tree, 15 words det compound nsubj cop det amod punct amod acl case obl:agent amod punct case det obl punct root A DET puncture NOUN wound NOUN is AUX a DET deep ADJ , PUNCT small ADJ wound NOUN made VERB by ADP something PRON pointed ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET nail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wound det 2 puncture puncture NOUN Number=Sing 3 wound compound 3 wound wound NOUN Number=Sing 9 wound nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 wound cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 wound det 6 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 9 wound amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 deep punct 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 wound amod 9 wound wound NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 wound acl 11 by by ADP _ 12 something case 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 made obl:agent 13 pointed pointed ADJ Degree=Pos 12 something amod 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 nail punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 nail case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 nail det 17 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 10 made obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 wound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a puncture wound a deep small wound tree rules 2 make participle a deep small wound not said here like a nail vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 1 I got a puncture on my bike on the way to school.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl case det obl case nmod punct root I PRON got VERB a DET puncture NOUN on ADP my PRON bike NOUN on ADP the DET way NOUN to ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 puncture det 4 puncture puncture NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 bike case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 bike nmod:poss 7 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 8 on on ADP _ 10 way case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 way det 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 11 to to ADP _ 12 school case 12 school school NOUN Number=Sing 10 way nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past I a puncture my bike on the way to school vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent puncture=Theme on bike=Source
Example 2 Dad showed me how to mend a puncture.
nsubj iobj advmod mark advcl det obj punct root Dad NOUN showed VERB me PRON how ADV to PART mend VERB a DET puncture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 showed nsubj 2 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 showed iobj 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 mend advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 mend mark 6 mend mend VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 showed advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 puncture det 8 puncture puncture NOUN Number=Sing 6 mend obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Dad me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient 2 mend to-infinitive Dad not said here a puncture tree rules
Example 3 A nail punctured the car tyre.
det nsubj det compound obj punct root A DET nail NOUN punctured VERB the DET car NOUN tyre NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 nail det 2 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 3 punctured nsubj 3 punctured puncture VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tyre det 5 car car NOUN Number=Sing 6 tyre compound 6 tyre tyre NOUN Number=Sing 3 punctured obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 punctured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 puncture past a nail the car tyre vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyre=Patient
Example 4 Be careful: the pin could puncture the balloon.
cop punct det nsubj aux conj det obj punct root Be AUX careful ADJ : PUNCT the DET pin NOUN could AUX puncture VERB the DET balloon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 7 puncture punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pin det 5 pin pin NOUN Number=Sing 7 puncture nsubj 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 puncture aux 7 puncture puncture VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 careful conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 balloon det 9 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 7 puncture obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 careful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is imperative you not said here careful property tree rules 2 puncture could the pin the balloon vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient
Example 5 A puncture wound from a rusty nail needs a doctor's check.
det compound nsubj case det amod nmod det nmod:poss case obj punct root A DET puncture NOUN wound NOUN from ADP a DET rusty ADJ nail NOUN needs VERB a DET doctor NOUN 's PART check NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wound det 2 puncture puncture NOUN Number=Sing 3 wound compound 3 wound wound NOUN Number=Sing 8 needs nsubj 4 from from ADP _ 7 nail case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 nail det 6 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 nail amod 7 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 3 wound nmod 8 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 doctor det 10 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 12 check nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 doctor case 12 check check NOUN Number=Sing 8 needs obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present a puncture wound from a rusty nail a doctor's check vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot check=Theme 2 check a doctor nom check «possession intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 We carry a puncture repair kit on long rides.
nsubj det compound compound obj case amod obl punct root We PRON carry VERB a DET puncture NOUN repair NOUN kit NOUN on ADP long ADJ rides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 carry nsubj 2 carry carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kit det 4 puncture puncture NOUN Number=Sing 5 repair compound 5 repair repair NOUN Number=Sing 6 kit compound 6 kit kit NOUN Number=Sing 2 carry obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 rides case 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rides amod 9 rides ride NOUN Number=Plur 2 carry obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 carry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present We a repair kit long rides vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kit=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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