quinine Who acts: Quinine, water, Tonic water, Explorers, Doctors · What happens: be, make, use, treat, give, taste · To what, where: bitter medicine, bark, malaria, tonic water, quinine, UV lamp
«quinine» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: quinine in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Quinine is a bitter medicine made from the bark of the cinchona tree from South America, used for a long time to treat malaria.
The tree, 24 words nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl case det compound nmod case compound nmod punct acl case det amod obl mark acl obj punct root Quinine PROPN is AUX a DET bitter ADJ medicine NOUN made VERB from ADP the DET bark NOUN of ADP the DET cinchona NOUN tree NOUN from ADP South PROPN America PROPN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN to PART treat VERB malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quinine Quinine PROPN Number=Sing 5 medicine nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 medicine cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 medicine det 4 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 5 medicine amod 5 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 medicine acl 7 from from ADP _ 9 bark case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bark det 9 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 10 of of ADP _ 13 tree case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 tree det 12 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 13 tree compound 13 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 bark nmod 14 from from ADP _ 16 America case 15 South South PROPN Number=Sing 16 America compound 16 America America PROPN Number=Sing 13 tree nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 used punct 18 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 medicine acl 19 for for ADP _ 22 time case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 time det 21 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 22 time amod 22 time time NOUN Number=Sing 18 used obl 23 to to PART _ 24 treat mark 24 treat treat VERB VerbForm=Inf 22 time acl 25 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 24 treat obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 medicine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Quinine a bitter medicine tree rules 2 make participle a bitter medicine not said here the bark of the cinchona tree from South America vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from bark=Material 3 use participle a bitter medicine not said here time vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 treat to-infinitive malaria vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent malaria=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Quinine gives tonic water its bitter taste.
nsubj amod obj nmod:poss amod obj punct root Quinine PROPN gives VERB tonic ADJ water NOUN its PRON bitter ADJ taste NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quinine Quinine PROPN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tonic tonic ADJ Degree=Pos 4 water amod 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 taste nmod:poss 6 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 7 taste amod 7 taste taste NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Quinine tonic water vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent water=Recipient taste=Theme 2 taste water nom taste «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree.
nsubj case det obl case det compound nmod punct root Quinine PROPN comes VERB from ADP the DET bark NOUN of ADP the DET cinchona NOUN tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quinine Quinine PROPN Number=Sing 2 comes nsubj 2 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 bark case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bark det 5 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 2 comes obl 6 of of ADP _ 9 tree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tree det 8 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 9 tree compound 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 bark nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Quinine the bark of the cinchona tree vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bark=Initial_Location
Example 2 For hundreds of years quinine was used to treat malaria.
case obl case nmod nsubj:pass aux:pass mark advcl obj punct root For ADP hundreds NOUN of ADP years NOUN quinine NOUN was AUX used VERB to PART treat VERB malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for ADP _ 2 hundreds case 2 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 7 used obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 years case 4 years year NOUN Number=Plur 2 hundreds nmod 5 quinine quinine NOUN Number=Sing 7 used nsubj:pass 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 used aux:pass 7 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 to to PART _ 9 treat mark 9 treat treat VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 used advcl 10 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 9 treat obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive quinine for hundreds of years vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for hundred=Eventuality 2 treat to-infinitive malaria vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent malaria=Recipient
Example 3 Tonic water tastes bitter because it contains quinine.
amod nsubj xcomp mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Tonic ADJ water NOUN tastes VERB bitter ADJ because SCONJ it PRON contains VERB quinine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tonic tonic ADJ Degree=Pos 2 water amod 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 tastes nsubj 3 tastes taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tastes xcomp 5 because because SCONJ _ 7 contains mark 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 contains nsubj 7 contains contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 tastes advcl 8 quinine quinine NOUN Number=Sing 7 contains obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 tastes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 taste present Tonic water bitter property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 contain present water quinine vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quinine=Theme
Example 4 Under a UV lamp, tonic water glows blue because of the quinine.
case det compound obl punct amod nsubj xcomp case fixed det obl punct root Under ADP a DET UV NOUN lamp NOUN , PUNCT tonic ADJ water NOUN glows VERB blue ADJ because ADP of ADP the DET quinine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Under under ADP _ 4 lamp case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lamp det 3 UV ultra-violet NOUN Abbr=Yes Number=Sing 4 lamp compound 4 lamp lamp NOUN Number=Sing 8 glows obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 lamp punct 6 tonic tonic ADJ Degree=Pos 7 water amod 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 glows nsubj 8 glows glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 8 glows xcomp 10 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 13 quinine case 11 of of ADP _ 10 because fixed 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 quinine det 13 quinine quinine NOUN Number=Sing 8 glows obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 glows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow present tonic water a UV lamp because the quinine; blue property vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under lamp=Location
Example 5 Explorers carried quinine to protect themselves from malaria.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj case obl punct root Explorers NOUN carried VERB quinine NOUN to PART protect VERB themselves PRON from ADP malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 quinine quinine NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obj 4 to to PART _ 5 protect mark 5 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 carried advcl 6 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 protect obj 7 from from ADP _ 8 malaria case 8 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 5 protect obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past Explorers quinine vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quinine=Theme 2 protect to-infinitive Explorers not said here Explorers = explorer from malaria vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary from malaria=Theme
Example 6 Doctors now use newer medicines for malaria.
nsubj advmod amod obj case obl punct root Doctors NOUN now ADV use VERB newer ADJ medicines NOUN for ADP malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Doctors doctor NOUN Number=Plur 3 use nsubj 2 now now ADV PronType=Dem 3 use advmod 3 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 newer new ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 medicines amod 5 medicines medicine NOUN Number=Plur 3 use obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 malaria case 7 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 3 use obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Doctors newer medicines now for malaria vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme for malaria=Eventuality
Example 7 Quinine is very bitter, so it was mixed into drinks.
nsubj cop advmod punct advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case obl punct root Quinine PROPN is AUX very ADV bitter ADJ , PUNCT so ADV it PRON was AUX mixed VERB into ADP drinks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quinine Quinine PROPN Number=Sing 4 bitter nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 bitter cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 bitter advmod 4 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 mixed punct 6 so so ADV _ 9 mixed advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 mixed nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 mixed aux:pass 9 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 bitter conj 10 into into ADP _ 11 drinks case 11 drinks drink NOUN Number=Plur 9 mixed obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 bitter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Quinine bitter property tree rules 2 mix past · passive it into drinks vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient into drink=Co-Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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