race Who acts: race, some, Ann, He, runner, We · What happens: be, see, go, do, say, share · To what, where: contest, something, large group, people, look, idea · Speech: someone speaks here
«race» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: race in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A race is a contest to see who is fastest.
det nsubj cop det mark acl nsubj cop ccomp punct root A DET race NOUN is AUX a DET contest NOUN to PART see VERB who PRON is AUX fastest ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 race det 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 5 contest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 contest cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 contest det 5 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 see mark 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 contest acl 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 fastest nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 fastest cop 10 fastest fast ADJ Degree=Sup 7 see ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 contest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a race a contest tree rules 2 see to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present fast property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To race is to run or go very fast, often against others.
mark advcl cop mark cc conj advmod advmod punct advmod case obl punct root To PART race NOUN is AUX to PART run VERB or CCONJ go VERB very ADV fast ADV , PUNCT often ADV against ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 race mark 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 5 run advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 run cop 4 to to PART _ 5 run mark 5 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 go cc 7 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 run conj 8 very very ADV _ 9 fast advmod 9 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 7 go advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 others punct 11 often often ADV _ 13 others advmod 12 against against ADP _ 13 others case 13 others other NOUN Number=Plur 5 run obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present against others; run property tree rules 2 go infinitive fast property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 A race is a contest to be first to do something: the race to the Moon.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det mark cop nmod mark acl obj punct det appos case det nmod punct root A DET race NOUN is AUX a DET contest NOUN to PART be AUX first ADJ to PART do VERB something PRON : PUNCT the DET race NOUN to ADP the DET Moon PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 race det 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 5 contest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 contest cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 contest det 5 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 8 first mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 first cop 8 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 contest nmod 9 to to PART _ 10 do mark 10 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 first acl 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 do obj 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 race punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 race det 14 race race NOUN Number=Sing 11 something appos 15 to to ADP _ 17 Moon case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 Moon det 17 Moon Moon PROPN Number=Sing 14 race nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 contest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a race a contest tree rules 2 is to-infinitive first property tree rules 3 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Meaning 4 A race is also a large group of people that some say share a look or family history; the idea is less used in science today.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod case nmod obj nsubj acl:relcl ccomp det obj cc compound conj punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod parataxis case obl obl:unmarked punct root A DET race NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET large ADJ group NOUN of ADP people NOUN that PRON some DET say VERB share VERB a DET look NOUN or CCONJ family NOUN history NOUN ; PUNCT the DET idea NOUN is AUX less ADV used VERB in ADP science NOUN today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 race det 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 7 group nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 group cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 group advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 group det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 group amod 7 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 people case 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 group nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 say obj 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 12 say nsubj 12 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 people acl:relcl 13 share share VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 say ccomp 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 look det 15 look look NOUN Number=Sing 13 share obj 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 history cc 17 family family NOUN Number=Sing 18 history compound 18 history history NOUN Number=Sing 15 look conj 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 24 used punct 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 idea det 21 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 24 used nsubj:pass 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 used aux:pass 23 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 24 used advmod 24 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 group parataxis 25 in in ADP _ 26 science case 26 science science NOUN Number=Sing 24 used obl 27 today today NOUN Number=Sing 24 used obl:unmarked 28 . . PUNCT _ 7 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a race a large group of people tree rules 2 say speech: assert present some people tree rules 3 share infinitive a look or family history tree rules 4 use present · passive the idea science today less property vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 1 The race is 400 meters long.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET race NOUN is AUX 400 NUM meters NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 race det 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 6 long nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 long cop 4 400 400 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 meters nummod 5 meters meter NOUN Number=Plur 6 long obl:unmarked 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the race 400 meters obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules
Example 2 Ann finished the race in 12 minutes.
nsubj det obj case nummod obl punct root Ann PROPN finished VERB the DET race NOUN in ADP 12 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ann Ann PROPN Number=Sing 2 finished nsubj 2 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 race det 4 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 finished obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 minutes case 6 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 minutes nummod 7 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 finished obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 finished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish past Ann the race minute vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector race=Eventuality
Example 3 He won 5 of the 8 races.
nsubj obj case det nummod nmod punct root He PRON won VERB 5 NUM of ADP the DET 8 NUM races NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 won nsubj 2 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 won obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 races case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 races det 6 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 races nummod 7 races race NOUN Number=Plur 3 5 nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past He 5 of the 8 races vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5=Eventuality
Example 4 In a relay race, each runner runs 100 meters.
case det compound obl punct det nsubj nummod obj punct root In ADP a DET relay NOUN race NOUN , PUNCT each DET runner NOUN runs VERB 100 NUM meters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 race case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 race det 3 relay relay NOUN Number=Sing 4 race compound 4 race race NOUN Number=Sing 8 runs obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 race punct 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 runner det 7 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 8 runs nsubj 8 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 meters nummod 10 meters meter NOUN Number=Plur 8 runs obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present each runner 100 meters a relay race vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent meter=Theme in race=Trajectory
Example 5 We had a sack race on sports day.
nsubj det compound obj case compound obl punct root We PRON had VERB a DET sack NOUN race NOUN on ADP sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 race det 4 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 5 race compound 5 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 day case 7 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 8 day compound 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a sack race day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Patient
Example 6 The children raced to the gate.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET children NOUN raced VERB to ADP the DET gate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 raced nsubj 3 raced race VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 gate case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 gate det 6 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 3 raced obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 raced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 race past the children the gate vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to gate=Destination
Example 7 In the fable, the tortoise won the race.
case det obl punct det nsubj det obj punct root In ADP the DET fable NOUN , PUNCT the DET tortoise NOUN won VERB the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 fable case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fable det 3 fable fable NOUN Number=Sing 7 won obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 fable punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tortoise det 6 tortoise tortoise NOUN Number=Sing 7 won nsubj 7 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 race det 9 race race NOUN Number=Sing 7 won obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past the tortoise the race the fable vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality
Example 8 My heart was racing before the test.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case det obl punct root My PRON heart NOUN was AUX racing VERB before ADP the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 heart nmod:poss 2 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 4 racing nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 racing aux 4 racing race VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 before before ADP _ 7 test case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 test det 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 4 racing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 racing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 race past · progressive My heart the test vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before test=Trajectory
Example 9 It was a race against time to finish the project.
nsubj cop det case nmod mark acl det obj punct root It PRON was AUX a DET race NOUN against ADP time NOUN to PART finish VERB the DET project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 race nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 race cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 race det 4 race race NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 against against ADP _ 6 time case 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 race nmod 7 to to PART _ 8 finish mark 8 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 time acl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 project det 10 project project NOUN Number=Sing 8 finish obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 race punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a race time tree rules 2 finish to-infinitive the project vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality project=Eventuality
Example 10 Slow and steady wins the race.
nsubj cc conj det obj punct root Slow ADJ and CCONJ steady ADJ wins VERB the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos 4 wins nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 steady cc 3 steady steady ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Slow conj 4 wins win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 race det 6 race race NOUN Number=Sing 4 wins obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 wins punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win present Slow the race vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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