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railing

Who acts: you, park, We, bridge railing, people, He · What happens: make, stop, fall, hold on, hold, go down · To what, where: barrier, people, single bar, railing, stairs, balcony railing

«railing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: railing in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A fence or barrier made of metal or wooden bars, often along stairs, a bridge or a balcony, to stop people falling.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 fence	det
2	fence	fence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 barrier	cc
4	barrier	barrier	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fence	conj
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 barrier	acl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 metal	case
7	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 bars	cc
9	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bars	amod
10	bars	bar	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 metal	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 stairs	punct
12	often	often	ADV	_	14 stairs	advmod
13	along	along	ADP	_	14 stairs	case
14	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fence	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 bridge	punct
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 bridge	det
17	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fence	conj
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 balcony	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 balcony	det
20	balcony	balcony	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 bridge	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 stop	punct
22	to	to	PART	_	23 stop	mark
23	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 fence	conj
24	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 stop	obj
25	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	23 stop	xcomp
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 fence	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		barrier not said here				of metal or wooden bars	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	stop	to-infinitive		people					tree rules
3	fall	gerund							vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A single bar that you can hold on to, like a handrail.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bar	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bar	amod
3	bar	bar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 hold	obj
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 hold	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 hold	aux
7	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 bar	acl:relcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	7 hold	compound:prt
9	to	to	ADP	_	7 hold	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 handrail	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	13 handrail	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 handrail	det
13	handrail	handrail	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hold	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 bar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold on	can	you	a single bar				like a handrail	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme

Example 1

Hold the railing when you go down the stairs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 railing	det
3	railing	railing	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Hold	obj
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 go	advmod
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 go	nsubj
6	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Hold	advcl
7	down	down	ADP	_	9 stairs	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 stairs	det
9	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 go	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	imperative	you not said here	the railing					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent railing=Theme
2	go down	present	you	the stairs					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient stair=Extent

Example 2

Do not climb on the balcony railing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 climb	aux
2	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 climb	advmod
3	climb	climb	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 railing	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 railing	det
6	balcony	balcony	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 railing	compound
7	railing	railing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climb	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 climb	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not climb	imperative · do-support	you not said here			the balcony railing			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on railing=Trajectory

Example 3

The park has black iron railings around it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 park	det
2	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 railings	amod
5	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 railings	compound
6	railings	railing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
7	around	around	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 railings	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the park	black iron railings		it			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent railing=Patient

Example 4

We leaned on the railing to watch the boats.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 leaned	nsubj
2	leaned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 railing	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 railing	det
5	railing	railing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leaned	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 watch	mark
7	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 leaned	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 boats	det
9	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 watch	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 leaned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	We			the railing			vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	watch	to-infinitive	We not said here	the boats					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme

Example 5

The bridge railing stops people falling into the river.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 railing	det
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 railing	compound
3	railing	railing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stops	nsubj
4	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stops	obj
6	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 people	acl
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 river	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 river	det
9	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 falling	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 stops	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	the bridge railing	people					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality people=Eventuality
2	fall	gerund	people not said here					into the river result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into river=Result

Example 6

He tied his bike to the railings outside the shop.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 tied	nsubj
2	tied	tie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 bike	nmod:poss
4	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tied	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 railings	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 railings	det
7	railings	railing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tied	obl
8	outside	outside	ADP	_	10 shop	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 shop	det
10	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 railings	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tied	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tie	past	He	his bike				to the railings outside the shop	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bike=Patient to railing=Co-Patient

Example 7

Paint the railings before the winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Paint	paint	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 railings	det
3	railings	railing	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Paint	obj
4	before	before	ADP	_	6 winter	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 winter	det
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Paint	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Paint	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	imperative	you not said here	the railings			winter		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent railing=Destination

Example 8

People used to stop and peep through the railings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 stop	mark
4	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 used	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 peep	cc
6	peep	peep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 stop	conj
7	through	through	ADP	_	9 railings	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 railings	det
9	railings	railing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 peep	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	People						vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	stop	to-infinitive	People not said here						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	peep	infinitive	People not said here					through the railings	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through railing=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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