rail Who acts: rail, Rails, metal bars, you, train, We · What happens: be, fix, use, hold on, hang on, make · To what, where: long bar, place, things, fence, metal bars, railway
«rail» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rail in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A rail is a long bar fixed in place, used to hold on to, to hang things on, or to make a fence.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case obl punct conj mark xcomp compound:prt obl punct mark conj obj compound:prt punct cc mark conj det obj punct root A DET rail NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ bar NOUN fixed VERB in ADP place NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART hold VERB on ADP to ADP , PUNCT to PART hang VERB things NOUN on ADP , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART make VERB a DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 rail det 2 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 6 bar nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bar cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bar det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bar amod 6 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bar acl 8 in in ADP _ 9 place case 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 7 fixed obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 used punct 11 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bar conj 12 to to PART _ 13 hold mark 13 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 used xcomp 14 on on ADP _ 13 hold compound:prt 15 to to ADP _ 13 hold obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 hang punct 17 to to PART _ 18 hang mark 18 hang hang VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 hold conj 19 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 18 hang obj 20 on on ADP _ 18 hang compound:prt 21 , , PUNCT _ 24 make punct 22 or or CCONJ _ 24 make cc 23 to to PART _ 24 make mark 24 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 hang conj 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 fence det 26 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 24 make obj 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 bar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a rail a long bar tree rules 2 fix participle a long bar not said here place vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 use participle a rail not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 hold on to-infinitive a rail not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 hang on to-infinitive a rail not said here things vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient 6 make to-infinitive a rail not said here a fence vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fence=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Rails are the metal bars that trains run on.
nsubj cop det compound nsubj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root Rails NOUN are AUX the DET metal NOUN bars NOUN that PRON trains NOUN run VERB on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rails rail NOUN Number=Plur 5 bars nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bars cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bars det 4 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 5 bars compound 5 bars bar NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 run nsubj 7 trains train NOUN Number=Plur 8 run nsubj 8 run run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bars acl:relcl 9 on on ADV _ 8 run advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 bars punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Rails the metal bars tree rules 2 run on present the metal bars vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Rail means the railway, as in travel by rail.
nsubj det obj punct case case appos case nmod punct root Rail NOUN means VERB the DET railway NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP travel NOUN by ADP rail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 railway det 4 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 travel punct 6 as as ADP _ 8 travel case 7 in in ADP _ 8 travel case 8 travel travel NOUN Number=Sing 4 railway appos 9 by by ADP _ 10 rail case 10 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 8 travel nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Rail the railway vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent railway=Topic 2 travel rail nom travel «act intransitive»: by=agent
Meaning 4 To rail at someone means to complain or shout angrily at them.
mark nsubj case nmod mark xcomp cc conj advmod case obl punct root To PART rail NOUN at ADP someone PRON means VERB to PART complain VERB or CCONJ shout VERB angrily ADV at ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 rail mark 2 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 at at ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 rail nmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 complain mark 7 complain complain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 shout cc 9 shout shout VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 complain conj 10 angrily angrily ADV _ 9 shout advmod 11 at at ADP _ 12 them case 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 shout obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present rail at someone vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 complain speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive rail at someone not said here vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 shout speech: express infinitive rail at someone not said here at them = they ; angrily property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Hold on to the rail when you go down the stairs.
compound:prt case det obl advmod nsubj advcl case det obl punct root Hold VERB on ADP to ADP the DET rail NOUN when ADV you PRON go VERB down ADP the DET stairs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADP _ 1 Hold compound:prt 3 to to ADP _ 5 rail case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 rail det 5 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 go advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 go nsubj 8 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Hold advcl 9 down down ADP _ 11 stairs case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 stairs det 11 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 8 go obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold on imperative you not said here to the rail vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 go down present you the stairs vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient stair=Extent
Example 2 Never play near the railway rails.
advmod case det compound obl punct root Never ADV play VERB near ADP the DET railway NOUN rails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 play advmod 2 play play VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 near near ADP _ 6 rails case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rails det 5 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 6 rails compound 6 rails rail NOUN Number=Plur 2 play obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play imperative you not said here the railway rails vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The train runs on metal rails.
det nsubj case compound obl punct root The DET train NOUN runs VERB on ADP metal NOUN rails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs nsubj 3 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 rails case 5 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 6 rails compound 6 rails rail NOUN Number=Plur 3 runs obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present the train metal rails vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on rail=Trajectory
Example 4 We travelled by rail from London to Edinburgh.
nsubj case obl case nmod case obl punct root We PRON travelled VERB by ADP rail NOUN from ADP London PROPN to ADP Edinburgh PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 travelled nsubj 2 travelled travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by ADP _ 4 rail case 4 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 2 travelled obl 5 from from ADP _ 6 London case 6 London London PROPN Number=Sing 4 rail nmod 7 to to ADP _ 8 Edinburgh case 8 Edinburgh Edinburgh PROPN Number=Sing 2 travelled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 travelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 travel past We Edinburgh by rail from London vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by rail=Trajectory
Example 5 Hang your coat on the rail.
nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Hang VERB your PRON coat NOUN on ADP the DET rail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hang hang VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 coat nmod:poss 3 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hang obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 rail case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rail det 6 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hang obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang imperative you not said here your coat the rail vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on rail=Destination
Example 6 The towel rail in the bathroom is warm.
det compound nsubj case det nmod cop punct root The DET towel NOUN rail NOUN in ADP the DET bathroom NOUN is AUX warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rail det 2 towel towel NOUN Number=Sing 3 rail compound 3 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 8 warm nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 bathroom case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bathroom det 6 bathroom bathroom NOUN Number=Sing 3 rail nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 warm cop 8 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 warm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the towel rail in the bathroom warm property tree rules
Example 7 Don't lean over the balcony rail.
aux advmod case det compound obl punct root Do AUX n't PART lean VERB over ADP the DET balcony NOUN rail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 lean aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 lean advmod 3 lean lean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 7 rail case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rail det 6 balcony balcony NOUN Number=Sing 7 rail compound 7 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 3 lean obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 lean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not lean imperative · do-support you not said here the balcony rail vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over rail=Location
Example 8 And the poor wife put everything to rights, and reproached and railed at her husband.
The tree, 15 words cc det amod nsubj obj case obl punct cc conj cc conj case nmod:poss obl punct root And CCONJ the DET poor ADJ wife NOUN put VERB everything PRON to ADP rights NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ reproached VERB and CCONJ railed VERB at ADP her PRON husband NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 5 put cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 wife det 3 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 4 wife amod 4 wife wife NOUN Number=Sing 5 put nsubj 5 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 put obj 7 to to ADP _ 8 rights case 8 rights right NOUN Number=Plur 5 put obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 reproached punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 reproached cc 11 reproached reproach VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 put conj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 railed cc 13 railed rail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 reproached conj 14 at at ADP _ 16 husband case 15 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 husband nmod:poss 16 husband husband NOUN Number=Sing 13 railed obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past the poor wife everything to rights vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent everything=Goal 2 reproach participle the poor wife not said here vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 rail participle the poor wife not said here at wife's husband tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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