rather Who acts: Rather, I, It, you, She, He · What happens: mean, prefer, walk, use, correct, say · To what, where: yourself, something, coat, pizza, bus, bit · Speech: someone speaks here
«rather» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rather in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Rather means quite or a little, like «rather cold».
nsubj advmod cc det conj punct case punct advmod parataxis punct punct root Rather NOUN means VERB quite ADV or CCONJ a DET little ADJ , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT rather ADV cold ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rather rather NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 quite quite ADV _ 2 means advmod 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 little cc 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 little det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 cold punct 8 like like ADP _ 11 cold case 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 cold punct 10 rather rather ADV _ 11 cold advmod 11 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 cold punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Rather vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «Would rather» means would prefer: «I'd rather walk».
The tree, 9 words punct aux advmod punct acl:relcl aux punct punct nsubj aux advmod ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT Would AUX rather ADV » PUNCT means VERB would AUX prefer VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON 'd AUX rather ADV walk VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Would punct 2 Would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 prefer aux 3 rather rather ADV _ 5 means advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 rather punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Would acl:relcl 6 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 prefer aux 7 prefer prefer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 : : PUNCT _ 13 walk punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 13 walk punct 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 walk nsubj 11 'd would AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 walk aux 12 rather rather ADV _ 13 walk advmod 13 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 prefer ccomp 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 walk punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 prefer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 prefer would vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 walk in a quote would I vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 «Rather than» means instead of.
punct advmod fixed punct advmod fixed punct root « PUNCT Rather ADV than ADP » PUNCT means VERB instead ADV of ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 Rather rather ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 5 means advmod 3 than than ADP _ 2 Rather fixed 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Rather punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 instead instead ADV _ 5 means advmod 7 of of ADP _ 6 instead fixed 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present instead property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 «Or rather» is used to correct yourself and say something more exactly.
The tree, 12 words punct cc advmod punct aux:pass mark xcomp obj cc conj obj advmod advmod punct root « PUNCT Or CCONJ rather ADV » PUNCT is AUX used VERB to PART correct VERB yourself PRON and CCONJ say VERB something PRON more ADV exactly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 used punct 2 Or or CCONJ _ 6 used cc 3 rather rather ADV _ 6 used advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 rather punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 used aux:pass 6 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 to to PART _ 8 correct mark 8 correct correct VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 used xcomp 9 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 8 correct obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 say cc 11 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 correct conj 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 say obj 13 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 14 exactly advmod 14 exactly exactly ADV _ 11 say advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: clause=Eventuality 2 correct speech: disagree to-infinitive yourself vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient 3 say speech: assert infinitive something exactly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic
Example 1 It's rather cold today, so take a coat.
nsubj cop advmod obl:unmarked punct advmod parataxis det obj punct root It PRON 's AUX rather ADV cold ADJ today NOUN , PUNCT so ADV take VERB a DET coat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 cold nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cold cop 3 rather rather ADV _ 4 cold advmod 4 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 today today NOUN Number=Sing 4 cold obl:unmarked 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 take punct 7 so so ADV _ 8 take advmod 8 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 cold parataxis 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 coat det 10 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 8 take obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It today cold property tree rules 2 take infinitive a coat vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme
Example 2 I'd rather have pizza than pasta.
nsubj aux advmod obj case obl punct root I PRON 'd AUX rather ADV have VERB pizza NOUN than ADP pasta NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 have nsubj 2 'd would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 have aux 3 rather rather ADV _ 4 have advmod 4 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 4 have obj 6 than than ADP _ 7 pasta case 7 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 4 have obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have would I pizza than pasta vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pizza=Patient
Example 3 Would you rather swim or cycle?
aux nsubj advmod cc conj punct root Would AUX you PRON rather ADV swim VERB or CCONJ cycle NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 swim aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 swim nsubj 3 rather rather ADV _ 4 swim advmod 4 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 cycle cc 6 cycle cycle NOUN Number=Sing 4 swim conj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim would you vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 She chose to walk rather than take the bus.
nsubj mark xcomp cc fixed conj det obj punct root She PRON chose VERB to PART walk VERB rather ADV than ADP take VERB the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 chose nsubj 2 chose choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 walk mark 4 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 chose xcomp 5 rather rather ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 7 take cc 6 than than ADP _ 5 rather fixed 7 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 walk conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bus det 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 7 take obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 chose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose past She tree rules 2 walk to-infinitive She not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 take infinitive She not said here the bus vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bus=Theme
Example 5 I'd rather not talk about it.
nsubj aux advmod advmod case obl punct root I PRON 'd AUX rather ADV not PART talk VERB about ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 talk nsubj 2 'd would AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 talk aux 3 rather rather ADV _ 5 talk advmod 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 talk advmod 5 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 about about ADP _ 7 it case 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 talk obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not talk would I about it vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic
Example 6 He was rather tired after the match.
nsubj cop advmod case det obl punct root He PRON was AUX rather ADV tired ADJ after ADP the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 tired nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 tired cop 3 rather rather ADV _ 4 tired advmod 4 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 after after ADP _ 7 match case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 match det 7 match match NOUN Number=Sing 4 tired obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 tired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past He after the match tired property tree rules
Example 7 The test was rather easy.
det nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET test NOUN was AUX rather ADV easy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 test det 2 test test NOUN Number=Sing 5 easy nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 easy cop 4 rather rather ADV _ 5 easy advmod 5 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 easy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the test easy property tree rules
Example 8 We left at six, or rather a bit after six.
nsubj case obl punct cc advmod det obl case obl punct root We PRON left VERB at ADP six NUM , PUNCT or CCONJ rather ADV a DET bit NOUN after ADP six NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 left nsubj 2 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 4 six case 4 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 left obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 bit punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 bit cc 7 rather rather ADV _ 9 bit advmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bit det 9 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obl 10 after after ADP _ 11 six case 11 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 left obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past We a bit six after six vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at six=Location
Example 9 ‘Happy!’ cried he; ‘say rather unhappy.
punct parataxis punct punct nsubj punct punct conj advmod obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Happy ADJ ! PUNCT ’ PUNCT cried VERB he PRON ; PUNCT ‘ PUNCT say VERB rather ADV unhappy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 2 Happy punct 2 Happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cried parataxis 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Happy punct 4 ’ ' PUNCT _ 2 Happy punct 5 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 cried nsubj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 say punct 8 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 9 say punct 9 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 cried conj 10 rather rather ADV _ 11 unhappy advmod 11 unhappy unhappy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 say obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert infinitive he not said here unhappy vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent unhappy=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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