ratty Who acts: Ratty, best friend, I, He, you, dog · What happens: temper, tear, be, love, mess, take · To what, where: friendly nickname, Mole, river, ratty old T shirt, fence, Ratty · Speech: someone speaks here
«ratty» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ratty in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: UK, Australia, NZ, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Bad-tempered and easily annoyed; grumpy.
punct conj cc advmod conj punct conj punct root Bad ADJ - PUNCT tempered VERB and CCONJ easily ADV annoyed ADJ ; PUNCT grumpy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 - - PUNCT _ 1 Bad punct 3 tempered temper VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Bad conj 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 annoyed cc 5 easily easily ADV _ 6 annoyed advmod 6 annoyed annoyed ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Bad conj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 grumpy punct 8 grumpy grumpy ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Bad conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Bad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 temper participle tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: US, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Shabby, old and torn, like a ratty old jumper.
punct conj cc conj punct case det amod amod obl punct root Shabby ADJ , PUNCT old ADJ and CCONJ torn VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET ratty ADJ old ADJ jumper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shabby shabby ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 old punct 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Shabby conj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 torn cc 5 torn tear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 old conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 jumper punct 7 like like ADP _ 11 jumper case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 jumper det 9 ratty ratty ADJ Degree=Pos 11 jumper amod 10 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 11 jumper amod 11 jumper jumper NOUN Number=Sing 5 torn obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Shabby punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tear participle like a ratty old jumper vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Like a rat, or full of rats.
case det punct cc amod case obl punct root Like ADP a DET rat NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ full ADJ of ADP rats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Like like ADP _ 3 rat case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 rat det 3 rat rat NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 full punct 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 full cc 6 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rat amod 7 of of ADP _ 8 rats case 8 rats rat NOUN Number=Plur 6 full obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 rat punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Ratty is the friendly nickname of the Water Rat in The Wind in the Willows, Mole's best friend, who loves «messing about in boats».
The tree, 25 words nsubj cop det amod case det compound nmod case det nmod case det nmod punct nmod:poss case amod appos punct nsubj acl:relcl punct advcl case case obl punct punct root Ratty PROPN is AUX the DET friendly ADJ nickname NOUN of ADP the DET Water PROPN Rat PROPN in ADP The DET Wind PROPN in ADP the DET Willows PROPN , PUNCT Mole PROPN 's PART best ADJ friend NOUN , PUNCT who PRON loves VERB « PUNCT messing VERB about ADP in ADP boats NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ratty Ratty PROPN Number=Sing 5 nickname nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 nickname cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 nickname det 4 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 nickname amod 5 nickname nickname NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 Rat case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Rat det 8 Water Water PROPN Number=Sing 9 Rat compound 9 Rat Rat PROPN Number=Sing 5 nickname nmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 Wind case 11 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Wind det 12 Wind Wind PROPN Number=Sing 9 Rat nmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 Willows case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 Willows det 15 Willows Willow PROPN Number=Plur 12 Wind nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 friend punct 17 Mole Mole PROPN Number=Sing 20 friend nmod:poss 18 's 's PART _ 17 Mole case 19 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 20 friend amod 20 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 9 Rat appos 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 loves punct 22 who who PRON PronType=Rel 23 loves nsubj 23 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 friend acl:relcl 24 « « PUNCT _ 25 messing punct 25 messing mess VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 23 loves advcl 26 about about ADP _ 28 boats case 27 in in ADP _ 28 boats case 28 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 25 messing obl 29 » » PUNCT _ 25 messing punct 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 nickname punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ratty the friendly nickname of the Water Rat in the Wind in the Willows tree rules 2 love present Mole's best friend vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer 3 mess in a quote gerund Mole's best friend not said here about boats tree rules
Example 1 Ratty took Mole for his first boat ride on the river.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod compound obl case det nmod punct root Ratty PROPN took VERB Mole PROPN for ADP his PRON first ADJ boat NOUN ride NOUN on ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ratty Ratty PROPN Number=Sing 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Mole Mole PROPN Number=Sing 2 took obj 4 for for ADP _ 8 ride case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 ride nmod:poss 6 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 ride amod 7 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 8 ride compound 8 ride ride NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 9 on on ADP _ 11 river case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 river det 11 river river NOUN Number=Sing 8 ride nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past Ratty Mole for Ratty's first boat ride on the river vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent mole=Theme for ride=Beneficiary 2 ride Ratty the river nom ride «act transitive»: poss=agent on=place
Example 2 I'm always ratty when I'm tired.
nsubj cop advmod mark nsubj cop advcl punct root I PRON 'm AUX always ADV ratty ADJ when SCONJ I PRON 'm AUX tired ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 ratty nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ratty cop 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 4 ratty advmod 4 ratty ratty ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 when when SCONJ _ 8 tired mark 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 tired nsubj 7 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tired cop 8 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 4 ratty advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 ratty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I always, ratty property tree rules 2 is present I tired property tree rules
Example 3 He wore a ratty old T-shirt to paint the fence.
nsubj det amod amod compound punct obj mark acl det obj punct root He PRON wore VERB a DET ratty ADJ old ADJ T NOUN - PUNCT shirt NOUN to PART paint VERB the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shirt det 4 ratty ratty ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shirt amod 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shirt amod 6 T t NOUN Number=Sing 8 shirt compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 T punct 8 shirt shirt NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 9 to to PART _ 10 paint mark 10 paint paint VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 shirt acl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 fence det 12 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 10 paint obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past He a ratty old T shirt vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shirt=Theme 2 paint to-infinitive He not said here the fence vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent fence=Destination
Example 4 «Believe me, my young friend,» said Ratty, «there is nothing half so much worth doing as messing about in boats.»
The tree, 20 words punct ccomp iobj punct nmod:poss amod conj punct punct nsubj punct punct expl cop compound nsubj advmod advmod ccomp xcomp mark advcl case case obl punct punct root « PUNCT Believe VERB me PRON , PUNCT my PRON young ADJ friend NOUN , PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB Ratty PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT there PRON is AUX nothing PRON half NOUN so ADV much ADV worth ADJ doing VERB as SCONJ messing VERB about ADP in ADP boats NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Believe punct 2 Believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 said ccomp 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Believe iobj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 friend punct 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 friend nmod:poss 6 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 7 friend amod 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 Believe conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 2 Believe punct 9 » » PUNCT _ 2 Believe punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Ratty Ratty PROPN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 is punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 is punct 14 there there PRON PronType=Dem 15 is expl 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 worth cop 16 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 17 half compound 17 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 15 is nsubj 18 so so ADV _ 19 much advmod 19 much much ADV _ 20 worth advmod 20 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos 10 said ccomp 21 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 20 worth xcomp 22 as as SCONJ _ 23 messing mark 23 messing mess VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 21 doing advcl 24 about about ADP _ 26 boats case 25 in in ADP _ 26 boats case 26 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 23 messing obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 20 worth punct 28 » » PUNCT _ 20 worth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe in a quote infinitive Ratty vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus 2 say speech: assert past Ratty vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 is in a quote present worth property tree rules 4 do in a quote gerund vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 mess in a quote gerund about boats tree rules
Example 5 Don't get ratty with your little brother.
aux advmod xcomp case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Do AUX n't PART get VERB ratty ADJ with ADP your PRON little ADJ brother NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 get aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 get advmod 3 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 ratty ratty ADJ Degree=Pos 3 get xcomp 5 with with ADP _ 8 brother case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 brother nmod:poss 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 brother amod 8 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 ratty obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not get imperative · do-support you not said here ratty property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 Ratty and Mole went to the Wild Wood to find Badger.
nsubj cc conj case det flat obl mark advcl obj punct root Ratty PROPN and CCONJ Mole PROPN went VERB to ADP the DET Wild PROPN Wood PROPN to PART find VERB Badger PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ratty Ratty PROPN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 Mole cc 3 Mole Mole PROPN Number=Sing 1 Ratty conj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to ADP _ 8 Wood case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Wood det 7 Wild Wild PROPN _ 8 Wood flat 8 Wood Wood PROPN Number=Sing 4 went obl 9 to to PART _ 10 find mark 10 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 went advcl 11 Badger Badger PROPN Number=Sing 10 find obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past Ratty and Mole the Wild Wood vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to wood=Initial_Location 2 find to-infinitive Ratty and Mole not said here Badger vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent badger=Topic
Example 7 The dog chewed his toy until it was ratty.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root The DET dog NOUN chewed VERB his PRON toy NOUN until SCONJ it PRON was AUX ratty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 chewed nsubj 3 chewed chew VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 toy nmod:poss 5 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 3 chewed obj 6 until until SCONJ _ 9 ratty mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 ratty nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 ratty cop 9 ratty ratty ADJ Degree=Pos 3 chewed advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 chewed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew past the dog dog's toy vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Patient 2 is past toy ratty property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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