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ravine

Who acts: rope bridge, goat, you, ravine edge, dragon, Ferns · What happens: cut, cross, climb, stay, be, live · To what, where: deep narrow valley, deep ravine, stream, rock, side, path

«ravine» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ravine in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A deep, narrow valley with steep sides, usually cut by a stream or river over a long time.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 valley	det
2	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 valley	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 deep	punct
4	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 valley	amod
5	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 sides	case
7	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sides	amod
8	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 valley	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cut	punct
10	usually	usually	ADV	_	11 cut	advmod
11	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 valley	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 stream	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 stream	det
14	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cut	obl
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 river	cc
16	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 stream	conj
17	over	over	ADP	_	20 time	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 time	det
19	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 time	amod
20	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cut	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 valley	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut	participle		a deep narrow valley with steep sides not said here			time	by a stream or river; usually property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

A rope bridge crossed the deep ravine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bridge	det
2	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bridge	compound
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crossed	nsubj
4	crossed	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ravine	det
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ravine	amod
7	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crossed	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 crossed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	past	a rope bridge	the deep ravine					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ravine=Patient

Example 2

The stream has cut a ravine through the rock over thousands of years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stream	det
2	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cut	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cut	aux
4	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ravine	det
6	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cut	obj
7	through	through	ADP	_	9 rock	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rock	det
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cut	obl
10	over	over	ADP	_	11 thousands	case
11	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cut	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 years	case
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 thousands	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 cut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut	present · perfect · passive		the stream		the rock		over thousands of years	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary ravine=Product

Example 3

The goat climbed down the side of the ravine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 goat	det
2	goat	goat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climbed	nsubj
3	climbed	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	6 side	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 side	det
6	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climbed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 ravine	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ravine	det
9	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 side	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 climbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	past	the goat			the side of the ravine			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down side=Trajectory

Example 4

Stay on the path; the ravine edge is dangerous.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 path	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 path	det
4	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Stay	obl
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 dangerous	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 edge	det
7	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 edge	compound
8	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dangerous	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 dangerous	cop
10	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Stay	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Stay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	imperative	you not said here			the path			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on path=Location
2	is	present	the ravine edge					dangerous property	tree rules

Example 5

In the story, the dragon lived at the bottom of a ravine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 story	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 story	det
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lived	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 story	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dragon	det
6	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lived	nsubj
7	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 bottom	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bottom	det
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lived	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 ravine	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 ravine	det
13	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bottom	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 lived	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	the dragon			the story		at the bottom of a ravine	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in story=Location

Example 6

Ferns grew in the damp shade of the ravine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ferns	fern	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 shade	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 shade	det
5	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shade	amod
6	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grew	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 ravine	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ravine	det
9	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shade	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 grew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	Ferns			the damp shade of the ravine			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shade=Location
2	shade			the ravine					nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient

Example 7

He was soon upon the edge of the ravine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 edge	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 edge	cop
3	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 edge	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 edge	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 edge	det
6	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 ravine	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ravine	det
9	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 edge	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 edge	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					upon the edge; of the ravine; soon property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/ravine/