reef Who acts: reef, tiny sea animals, Great Barrier Reef, Clownfish, ship, Coral reefs · What happens: be, build, call, mean, roll, tie up · To what, where: long ridge, coral reef, corals, part, sail, anemones · Speech: someone speaks here
«reef» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: reef in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A reef is a long ridge of rock, sand or coral just under or at the surface of the sea.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct conj cc conj advmod case cc case det conj case det nmod punct root A DET reef NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ ridge NOUN of ADP rock NOUN , PUNCT sand NOUN or CCONJ coral NOUN just ADV under ADP or CCONJ at ADP the DET surface NOUN of ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 reef det 2 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 6 ridge nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ridge cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ridge det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ridge amod 6 ridge ridge NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 rock case 8 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 6 ridge nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 sand punct 10 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 8 rock conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 coral cc 12 coral coral NOUN Number=Sing 8 rock conj 13 just just ADV _ 15 or advmod 14 under under ADP _ 15 or case 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 surface cc 16 at at ADP _ 18 surface case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 surface det 18 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 6 ridge conj 19 of of ADP _ 21 sea case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 sea det 21 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 18 surface nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 ridge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a reef a long ridge or the surface of the sea of rock and sand or coral tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A coral reef is built over many years by tiny sea animals called corals and is home to huge numbers of fish and other sea creatures.
The tree, 26 words det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl case amod compound obl acl xcomp cc cop advmod case amod conj case nmod cc amod compound conj punct root A DET coral ADJ reef NOUN is AUX built VERB over ADP many ADJ years NOUN by ADP tiny ADJ sea NOUN animals NOUN called VERB corals NOUN and CCONJ is AUX home ADV to ADP huge ADJ numbers NOUN of ADP fish NOUN and CCONJ other ADJ sea NOUN creatures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 reef det 2 coral coral ADJ Degree=Pos 3 reef amod 3 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 5 built nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 built aux:pass 5 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 over over ADP _ 8 years case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 years amod 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 built obl 9 by by ADP _ 12 animals case 10 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 12 animals amod 11 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 12 animals compound 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 built obl 13 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 animals acl 14 corals coral NOUN Number=Plur 13 called xcomp 15 and and CCONJ _ 20 numbers cc 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 numbers cop 17 home home ADV _ 20 numbers advmod 18 to to ADP _ 20 numbers case 19 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 20 numbers amod 20 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 13 called conj 21 of of ADP _ 22 fish case 22 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 20 numbers nmod 23 and and CCONJ _ 26 creatures cc 24 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 26 creatures amod 25 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 26 creatures compound 26 creatures creature NOUN Number=Plur 22 fish conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build present · passive tiny sea animals a coral reef year vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product 2 call participle tiny sea animals not said here corals vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present tiny sea animals not said here to huge numbers; of fish and other sea creatures; home property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: sailing — kept apart, not parsed.
To reef a sail means to roll or tie up part of it to make it smaller in strong wind.
The tree, 20 words mark nsubj det nsubj mark xcomp cc conj compound:prt obj case nmod mark advcl obj xcomp case amod obl punct root To PART reef NOUN a DET sail NOUN means VERB to PART roll VERB or CCONJ tie VERB up ADP part NOUN of ADP it PRON to PART make VERB it PRON smaller ADJ in ADP strong ADJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 reef mark 2 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sail det 4 sail sail NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 roll mark 7 roll roll VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 tie cc 9 tie tie VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 roll conj 10 up up ADP _ 9 tie compound:prt 11 part part NOUN Number=Sing 9 tie obj 12 of of ADP _ 13 it case 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 part nmod 14 to to PART _ 15 make mark 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 tie advcl 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 make obj 17 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 make xcomp 18 in in ADP _ 20 wind case 19 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 20 wind amod 20 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 17 smaller obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present reef vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 roll not said to happen to-infinitive reef not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 tie up infinitive reef not said here part of sail vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient 4 make to-infinitive reef not said here sail small property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
Example 1 The Great Barrier Reef is off the coast of Queensland, Australia.
det amod compound nsubj cop case det case nmod punct conj punct root The DET Great ADJ Barrier PROPN Reef PROPN is AUX off ADP the DET coast NOUN of ADP Queensland PROPN , PUNCT Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Reef det 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Reef amod 3 Barrier Barrier PROPN Number=Sing 4 Reef compound 4 Reef Reef PROPN Number=Sing 8 coast nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 coast cop 6 off off ADP _ 8 coast case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 coast det 8 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 Queensland case 10 Queensland Queensland PROPN Number=Sing 8 coast nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 Australia punct 12 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 10 Queensland conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 coast punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Great Barrier Reef off the coast; of Queensland and Australia tree rules
Example 2 Clownfish hide in the anemones on the reef.
nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root Clownfish NOUN hide VERB in ADP the DET anemones NOUN on ADP the DET reef NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clownfish clownfish NOUN Number=Plur 2 hide nsubj 2 hide hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 anemones case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 anemones det 5 anemones anemone NOUN Number=Plur 2 hide obl 6 on on ADP _ 8 reef case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 reef det 8 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 2 hide obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 hide punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide present Clownfish the anemones on the reef vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in anemone=Location
Example 3 The ship hit a reef and sank.
det nsubj det obj cc conj punct root The DET ship NOUN hit VERB a DET reef NOUN and CCONJ sank VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ship det 2 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit nsubj 3 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 reef det 5 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 sank cc 7 sank sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 hit conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit past the ship a reef vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme reef=Co-Theme 2 sink past the ship not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 Coral reefs are full of colourful fish.
compound nsubj cop case amod obl punct root Coral NOUN reefs NOUN are AUX full ADJ of ADP colourful ADJ fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Coral coral NOUN _ 2 reefs compound 2 reefs reef NOUN Number=Plur 4 full nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 full cop 4 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 fish case 6 colourful colourful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fish amod 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 4 full obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Coral reefs of colourful fish; full property tree rules
Example 5 Warm water can make the reef turn white.
amod nsubj aux det obj xcomp xcomp punct root Warm ADJ water NOUN can AUX make VERB the DET reef NOUN turn VERB white ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 2 water amod 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 4 make nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 make aux 4 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 reef det 6 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 4 make obj 7 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 make xcomp 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 turn xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make can Warm water the reef tree rules 2 turn present the reef not said here white property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Divers must not touch or break the coral reef.
nsubj aux advmod cc conj det compound obj punct root Divers NOUN must AUX not PART touch VERB or CCONJ break VERB the DET coral NOUN reef NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Divers diver NOUN Number=Plur 4 touch nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 touch aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 touch advmod 4 touch touch VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 break cc 6 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 touch conj 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 reef det 8 coral coral NOUN _ 9 reef compound 9 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 6 break obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not touch must Divers vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 break infinitive Divers not said here the coral reef vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reef=Patient
Example 7 The sailors reefed the sails as the storm grew stronger.
det nsubj det obj mark det nsubj advcl xcomp punct root The DET sailors NOUN reefed VERB the DET sails NOUN as SCONJ the DET storm NOUN grew VERB stronger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sailors det 2 sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 3 reefed nsubj 3 reefed reef VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sails det 5 sails sail NOUN Number=Plur 3 reefed obj 6 as as SCONJ _ 9 grew mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 storm det 8 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 9 grew nsubj 9 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 reefed advcl 10 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 grew xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 reefed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reef past the sailors the sails tree rules 2 grow past the storm strong property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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