reference Who acts: book, note, you, letter, She, dictionary · What happens: talk about, mention, look up, say, find, know · To what, where: something, facts, piece, you, reference, reference book · Speech: someone speaks here
«reference» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: reference in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Talking about or mentioning something.
obl cc conj obj punct root Talking VERB about ADP or CCONJ mentioning VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 about about ADP _ 1 Talking obl 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 mentioning cc 4 mentioning mention VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Talking conj 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 mentioning obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Talking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk about gerund vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mention speech: other gerund something vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"She made a reference to the trip."
punct nsubj det obj case det obl punct punct root " PUNCT She PRON made VERB a DET reference NOUN to ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 made punct 2 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 reference det 5 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 trip case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 trip det 8 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make in a quote past She a reference to the trip vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reference=Product
Meaning 2 A book or website where you look up facts, like a dictionary or encyclopedia.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cc conj advmod nsubj compound:prt obj punct case det appos cc conj punct root A DET book NOUN or CCONJ website NOUN where ADV you PRON look VERB up ADP facts NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET dictionary NOUN or CCONJ encyclopedia NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 7 look nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 website cc 4 website website NOUN Number=Sing 2 book conj 5 where where ADV PronType=Rel 7 look advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 look nsubj 7 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 up up ADP _ 7 look compound:prt 9 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 7 look obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 dictionary punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 dictionary case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 dictionary det 13 dictionary dictionary NOUN Number=Sing 9 facts appos 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 encyclopedia cc 15 encyclopedia encyclopedia NOUN Number=Sing 13 dictionary conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look up present a book or website facts vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fact=Attribute
Meaning 3 A note that says where you found a piece of information.
det nsubj acl:relcl advmod nsubj ccomp det obj case nmod punct root A DET note NOUN that PRON says VERB where ADV you PRON found VERB a DET piece NOUN of ADP information NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 note det 2 note note NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 note acl:relcl 5 where where ADV PronType=Rel 7 found advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 found nsubj 7 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 says ccomp 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 piece det 9 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 7 found obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 information case 11 information information NOUN Number=Sing 9 piece nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 note punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a note vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 find past you a piece of information vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Topic
Meaning 4 A letter from someone who knows you, saying you are good for a job or school.
The tree, 16 words det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct acl nsubj cop ccomp case det obl cc conj punct root A DET letter NOUN from ADP someone PRON who PRON knows VERB you PRON , PUNCT saying VERB you PRON are AUX good ADJ for ADP a DET job NOUN or CCONJ school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 letter det 2 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 from from ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 letter nmod 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 knows nsubj 6 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone acl:relcl 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 knows obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 saying punct 9 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 letter acl 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 good nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 good cop 12 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 9 saying ccomp 13 for for ADP _ 15 job case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 job det 15 job job NOUN Number=Sing 12 good obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 school cc 17 school school NOUN Number=Sing 15 job conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 letter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present you vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus 2 say speech: assert gerund a letter from someone not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is present you for a job or school; good property tree rules
Example 1 A dictionary is a reference book.
det nsubj cop det compound punct root A DET dictionary NOUN is AUX a DET reference NOUN book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dictionary det 2 dictionary dictionary NOUN Number=Sing 6 book nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 book cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 book det 5 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 6 book compound 6 book book NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 book punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dictionary a reference book tree rules
Example 2 Write down your references at the end of the project.
compound:prt nmod:poss obj case det obl case det nmod punct root Write VERB down ADP your PRON references NOUN at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP the DET project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 down down ADP _ 1 Write compound:prt 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 references nmod:poss 4 references reference NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 end case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 end det 7 end end NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 project case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 project det 10 project project NOUN Number=Sing 7 end nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write down imperative you not said here your references at the end of the project vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reference=Theme 2 refer your nom reference «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Keep the times table on the wall for reference.
det compound obj case det obl case obl punct root Keep VERB the DET times NOUN table NOUN on ADP the DET wall NOUN for ADP reference NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 table det 3 times time NOUN Number=Plur 4 table compound 4 table table NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 wall case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wall det 7 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obl 8 for for ADP _ 9 reference case 9 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here the times table the wall for reference vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent table=Theme on wall=Location
Example 4 The film makes a reference to an old fairy tale.
det nsubj det obj case det amod compound obl punct root The DET film NOUN makes VERB a DET reference NOUN to ADP an DET old ADJ fairy NOUN tale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 reference det 5 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj 6 to to ADP _ 10 tale case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 tale det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 tale amod 9 fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 10 tale compound 10 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the film a reference to a old fairy tale vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset reference=Product
Example 5 The teacher wrote a reference for my sister.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN wrote VERB a DET reference NOUN for ADP my PRON sister NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 reference det 5 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 sister case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 sister nmod:poss 8 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the teacher a reference for my sister vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent reference=Result for sister=Beneficiary
Example 6 The library has a big reference section.
det nsubj det amod compound obj punct root The DET library NOUN has VERB a DET big ADJ reference NOUN section NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 section det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 section amod 6 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 7 section compound 7 section section NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the library a big reference section vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent section=Patient
Example 7 Use the tree as a reference point on the map.
det obj case det compound obl case det nmod punct root Use VERB the DET tree NOUN as ADP a DET reference NOUN point NOUN on ADP the DET map NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 as as ADP _ 7 point case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 point det 6 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing 7 point compound 7 point point NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obl 8 on on ADP _ 10 map case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 map det 10 map map NOUN Number=Sing 7 point nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here the tree as a reference point on the map vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent tree=Duration as point=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous refereenext → referendum↑ back to R in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/reference/