referendum Who acts: referendum, voters, country, voter, Brexit referendum, UK · What happens: be, decide, answer, hold, change, ask · To what, where: vote, one important question, referendum, voting system, same question, European Union
«referendum» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: referendum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A referendum is a vote in which all the voters of a country or area decide one important question directly, usually by answering yes or no.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det case obl det:predet det nsubj case det nmod cc conj acl:relcl nummod amod obj advmod punct advmod mark advcl obj cc conj root A DET referendum NOUN is AUX a DET vote NOUN in ADP which PRON all DET the DET voters NOUN of ADP a DET country NOUN or CCONJ area NOUN decide VERB one NUM important ADJ question NOUN directly ADV , PUNCT usually ADV by SCONJ answering VERB yes INTJ or CCONJ no. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 referendum det 2 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 5 vote nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 vote cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 vote det 5 vote vote NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 which case 7 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 decide obl 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 voters det:predet 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 voters det 10 voters voter NOUN Number=Plur 16 decide nsubj 11 of of ADP _ 13 country case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 country det 13 country country NOUN Number=Sing 10 voters nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 area cc 15 area area NOUN Number=Sing 13 country conj 16 decide decide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 vote acl:relcl 17 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 19 question nummod 18 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 19 question amod 19 question question NOUN Number=Sing 16 decide obj 20 directly directly ADV _ 16 decide advmod 21 , , PUNCT _ 24 answering punct 22 usually usually ADV _ 24 answering advmod 23 by by SCONJ _ 24 answering mark 24 answering answer VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 decide advcl 25 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 24 answering obj 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 no. cc 27 no. no. NOUN Abbr=Yes Number=Sing 24 answering conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a referendum a vote tree rules 2 decide present all voters of a country or area one important question a vote directly property vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent question=Topic 3 answer speech: assert gerund all voters of a country or area not said here usually property vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent yes=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The country held a referendum on whether to change the voting system.
det nsubj det obj mark mark mark acl det compound obj punct root The DET country NOUN held VERB a DET referendum NOUN on SCONJ whether SCONJ to PART change VERB the DET voting NOUN system NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 3 held nsubj 3 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 referendum det 5 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 3 held obj 6 on on SCONJ _ 9 change mark 7 whether whether SCONJ _ 9 change mark 8 to to PART _ 9 change mark 9 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 referendum acl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 system det 11 voting voting NOUN Number=Sing 12 system compound 12 system system NOUN Number=Sing 9 change obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold past the country a referendum vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent referendum=Theme 2 change to-infinitive the country not said here the voting system vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Patient
Example 2 In a referendum, every voter answers the same question.
case det obl punct det nsubj det amod obj punct root In ADP a DET referendum NOUN , PUNCT every DET voter NOUN answers VERB the DET same ADJ question NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 referendum case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 referendum det 3 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 7 answers obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 referendum punct 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 voter det 6 voter voter NOUN Number=Sing 7 answers nsubj 7 answers answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 question det 9 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 10 question amod 10 question question NOUN Number=Sing 7 answers obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 answers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 answer speech: assert present every voter the same question a referendum vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality
Example 3 The Brexit referendum asked if the UK should leave the European Union.
det compound nsubj mark det nsubj aux ccomp det compound obj punct root The DET Brexit PROPN referendum NOUN asked VERB if SCONJ the DET UK PROPN should AUX leave VERB the DET European PROPN Union PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 referendum det 2 Brexit Brexit PROPN Number=Sing 3 referendum compound 3 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 4 asked nsubj 4 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 if if SCONJ _ 9 leave mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 UK det 7 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 9 leave nsubj 8 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 leave aux 9 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 asked ccomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Union det 11 European European PROPN Number=Sing 12 Union compound 12 Union Union PROPN Number=Sing 9 leave obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the Brexit referendum vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 leave a condition, not said to happen should the UK the European Union vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent union=Theme
Example 4 Ireland must hold a referendum to change its constitution.
nsubj aux det obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Ireland PROPN must AUX hold VERB a DET referendum NOUN to PART change VERB its PRON constitution NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 3 hold nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 hold aux 3 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 referendum det 5 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 3 hold obj 6 to to PART _ 7 change mark 7 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hold advcl 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 constitution nmod:poss 9 constitution constitution NOUN Number=Sing 7 change obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold must Ireland a referendum vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent referendum=Theme 2 change to-infinitive Ireland not said here referendum's constitution vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Patient 3 constitute referendum nom constitution «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The result of the referendum was very close.
det nsubj case det nmod cop advmod punct root The DET result NOUN of ADP the DET referendum NOUN was AUX very ADV close ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 result det 2 result result NOUN Number=Sing 8 close nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 referendum case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 referendum det 5 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 2 result nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 close cop 7 very very ADV _ 8 close advmod 8 close close ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the result of the referendum close property tree rules 2 result the referendum nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Our school had a mini referendum on whether to have a uniform-free day.
The tree, 14 words nmod:poss nsubj det amod obj mark mark mark acl det compound punct amod obj punct root Our PRON school NOUN had VERB a DET mini ADJ referendum NOUN on SCONJ whether SCONJ to PART have VERB a DET uniform NOUN - PUNCT free ADJ day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 referendum det 5 mini mini ADJ Degree=Pos 6 referendum amod 6 referendum referendum NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 7 on on SCONJ _ 10 have mark 8 whether whether SCONJ _ 10 have mark 9 to to PART _ 10 have mark 10 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 referendum acl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 day det 12 uniform uniform NOUN Number=Sing 14 free compound 13 - - PUNCT _ 12 uniform punct 14 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 15 day amod 15 day day NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Our school a mini referendum vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent referendum=Patient 2 have to-infinitive Our school not said here a mini referendum not said here day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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