referent Who acts: dog, real thing, that, thing, Sam, referent · What happens: bark, be, pronoun, refer, lose, find · To what, where: actual dog, hat, Sam, referent, sentence, city
«referent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: referent in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: language, formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The real thing, person or idea that a word or phrase points to: in «the dog barked», the referent of «the dog» is the actual dog.
The tree, 26 words det amod nsubj punct appos cc conj mark det nsubj cc compound conj fixed punct mark punct det nsubj advcl punct punct det appos case punct det nmod punct cop det amod punct root The DET real ADJ thing NOUN , PUNCT person NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN that SCONJ a DET word NOUN or CCONJ phrase NOUN points NOUN to ADP : PUNCT in SCONJ « PUNCT the DET dog NOUN barked VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT the DET referent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT the DET dog NOUN » PUNCT is AUX the DET actual ADJ dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 thing det 2 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 3 thing amod 3 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 33 dog nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 person punct 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing 3 thing appos 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 idea cc 7 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 8 that that SCONJ _ 20 barked mark 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 word det 10 word word NOUN Number=Sing 14 to nsubj 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 points cc 12 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing 13 points compound 13 points point NOUN Number=Plur 10 word conj 14 to to ADP _ 8 that fixed 15 : : PUNCT _ 20 barked punct 16 in in SCONJ _ 20 barked mark 17 « « PUNCT _ 20 barked punct 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 dog det 19 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 20 barked nsubj 20 barked bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 person advcl 21 » » PUNCT _ 5 person punct 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 referent punct 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 referent det 24 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 3 thing appos 25 of of ADP _ 28 dog case 26 « « PUNCT _ 28 dog punct 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 dog det 28 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 24 referent nmod 29 » » PUNCT _ 24 referent punct 30 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 dog cop 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 33 dog det 32 actual actual ADJ Degree=Pos 33 dog amod 33 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing root root 34 . . PUNCT _ 33 dog punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bark in a quote past the dog vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the real thing the actual dog tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The thing that a pronoun like «it» or «she» refers back to.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj nsubj det appos case punct nmod punct cc punct conj punct advmod obl punct root The DET thing NOUN that PRON a DET pronoun NOUN like ADP « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT she PRON » PUNCT refers VERB back ADV to ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 thing det 2 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 14 refers nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 pronoun nsubj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pronoun det 5 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 2 thing appos 6 like like ADP _ 8 it case 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 it punct 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 pronoun nmod 9 » » PUNCT _ 5 pronoun punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 she cc 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 she punct 12 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 pronoun conj 13 » » PUNCT _ 5 pronoun punct 14 refers refer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 15 back back ADV _ 14 refers advmod 16 to to ADP _ 15 back obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 14 refers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pronoun that like thing tree rules 2 refer present the thing vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme
Example 1 In «Sam lost his hat», the referent of «his» is Sam.
The tree, 11 words mark punct nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct punct det nsubj case punct nmod:poss punct cop punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT Sam PROPN lost VERB his PRON hat NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT the DET referent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT his PRON » PUNCT is AUX Sam PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 4 lost mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 4 lost punct 3 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 4 lost nsubj 4 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 Sam advcl 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hat nmod:poss 6 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 4 lost obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 4 lost punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 referent punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 referent det 10 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 16 Sam nsubj 11 of of ADP _ 13 his case 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 his punct 13 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 referent nmod:poss 14 » » PUNCT _ 10 referent punct 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 Sam cop 16 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing root root 17 . . PUNCT _ 16 Sam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose in a quote past Sam Sam's hat vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Eventuality 2 is a present Sam's referent Sam tree rules
Example 2 Find the referent of «it» in the sentence.
det obj case punct nmod punct case det obl punct root Find VERB the DET referent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT in ADP the DET sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Find find VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 referent det 3 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 1 Find obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 it case 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 it punct 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 referent nmod 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 referent punct 8 in in ADP _ 10 sentence case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sentence det 10 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 1 Find obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find imperative you not said here the referent of referent the sentence vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent referent=Topic
Example 3 The word «Paris» has a city as its referent.
det nsubj punct appos punct det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET word NOUN « PUNCT Paris PROPN » PUNCT has VERB a DET city NOUN as ADP its PRON referent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 word det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 6 has nsubj 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 Paris punct 4 Paris Paris PROPN Number=Sing 2 word appos 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 Paris punct 6 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 city det 8 city city NOUN Number=Sing 6 has obj 9 as as ADP _ 11 referent case 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 referent nmod:poss 11 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 8 city nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the word a city as word's referent vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient
Example 4 An unclear referent makes a sentence confusing.
det amod nsubj det obj xcomp punct root An DET unclear ADJ referent NOUN makes VERB a DET sentence NOUN confusing ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 referent det 2 unclear unclear ADJ Degree=Pos 3 referent amod 3 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sentence det 6 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes obj 7 confusing confusing ADJ Degree=Pos 4 makes xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a unclear referent a sentence confusing property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sentence=Product
Example 5 In «The cats ate their food», the referent of «their» is the cats.
The tree, 13 words mark punct det nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct punct det nsubj case punct conj punct cop det punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT The DET cats NOUN ate VERB their PRON food NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT the DET referent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT their PRON » PUNCT is AUX the DET cats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 5 ate mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 5 ate punct 3 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cats det 4 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 5 ate nsubj 5 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 cats advcl 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 food nmod:poss 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 ate obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 ate punct 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 referent punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 referent det 11 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 18 cats nsubj 12 of of ADP _ 14 their case 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 their punct 14 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 referent conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 11 referent punct 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 cats cop 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 cats det 18 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur root root 19 . . PUNCT _ 18 cats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote past the cats cats's food vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 2 is a present the referent the cats tree rules
Example 6 Ask yourself: what is the referent of «they»?
obj punct nsubj cop det parataxis case punct nmod:poss punct punct root Ask VERB yourself PRON : PUNCT what PRON is AUX the DET referent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT they PRON » PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 1 Ask obj 3 : : PUNCT _ 7 referent punct 4 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 referent nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 referent cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 referent det 7 referent referent NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask parataxis 8 of of ADP _ 10 they case 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 they punct 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 referent nmod:poss 11 » » PUNCT _ 7 referent punct 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here yourself vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent yourself=Recipient 2 is a present they's referent tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous referendumnext → referral↑ back to R in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/referent/