refuel Who acts: We, plane, I, It, tank, 40 litres · What happens: refuel, be, drink, get back, stop, land · To what, where: energy, motorway, car, 50 litres, 10 litres, 40 litres
«refuel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: refuel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To refuel is to fill a car, plane, ship or other vehicle with fuel again.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj cop mark det obj punct conj punct conj cc amod conj case obl advmod punct root To PART refuel VERB is AUX to PART fill VERB a DET car NOUN , PUNCT plane NOUN , PUNCT ship NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ vehicle NOUN with ADP fuel NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 refuel mark 2 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 fill csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fill cop 4 to to PART _ 5 fill mark 5 fill fill VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 car det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 fill obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 plane punct 9 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 7 car conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 ship punct 11 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 7 car conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 vehicle cc 13 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 14 vehicle amod 14 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing 7 car conj 15 with with ADP _ 16 fuel case 16 fuel fuel NOUN Number=Sing 5 fill obl 17 again again ADV _ 5 fill advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 fill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuel to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present again with fuel; fill property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To refuel is to eat and drink to get your energy back.
mark csubj cop mark cc conj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj advmod punct root To PART refuel VERB is AUX to PART eat VERB and CCONJ drink VERB to PART get VERB your PRON energy NOUN back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 refuel mark 2 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 eat csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 eat cop 4 to to PART _ 5 eat mark 5 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 drink cc 7 drink drink VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 eat conj 8 to to PART _ 9 get mark 9 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 drink xcomp 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 energy nmod:poss 11 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 9 get obj 12 back back ADV _ 9 get advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuel to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present eat property tree rules 3 drink infinitive tree rules 4 get back to-infinitive your energy vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer energy=Stimulus
Example 1 We stopped to refuel on the motorway.
nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct root We PRON stopped VERB to PART refuel VERB on ADP the DET motorway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stopped nsubj 2 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 refuel mark 4 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 stopped xcomp 5 on on ADP _ 7 motorway case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 motorway det 7 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 4 refuel obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past We vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 refuel to-infinitive We not said here the motorway tree rules
Example 2 The plane landed to refuel before flying on.
det nsubj mark xcomp mark advcl compound:prt punct root The DET plane NOUN landed VERB to PART refuel VERB before SCONJ flying VERB on ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plane det 2 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 3 landed nsubj 3 landed land VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 refuel mark 5 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 landed xcomp 6 before before SCONJ _ 7 flying mark 7 flying fly VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 refuel advcl 8 on on ADP _ 7 flying compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 landed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 land past the plane tree rules 2 refuel to-infinitive the plane not said here tree rules 3 fly on gerund the plane not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 After football practice I need to refuel with a sandwich.
case compound obl nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct root After ADP football NOUN practice NOUN I PRON need VERB to PART refuel VERB with ADP a DET sandwich NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 practice case 2 football football NOUN Number=Sing 3 practice compound 3 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 5 need obl 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 need nsubj 5 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 refuel mark 7 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 need xcomp 8 with with ADP _ 10 sandwich case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 sandwich det 10 sandwich sandwich NOUN Number=Sing 7 refuel obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present I after football practice vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 refuel not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here with a sandwich tree rules
Example 4 It cost $60 to refuel the car.
nsubj obj nummod mark advcl det obj punct root It PRON cost VERB $ SYM 60 NUM to PART refuel VERB the DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cost nsubj 2 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 $ $ SYM _ 2 cost obj 4 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 $ nummod 5 to to PART _ 6 refuel mark 6 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 cost advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 car det 8 car car NOUN Number=Sing 6 refuel obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost past It vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value 2 refuel to-infinitive the car tree rules
Example 5 The tank holds 50 litres; it had 10 litres left, so we needed 40 litres to refuel.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj nummod obj punct nsubj conj nummod obj acl punct advmod nsubj conj nummod obj mark xcomp punct root The DET tank NOUN holds VERB 50 NUM litres NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON had VERB 10 NUM litres NOUN left VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON needed VERB 40 NUM litres NOUN to PART refuel VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tank det 2 tank tank NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 litres nummod 5 litres litre NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 had punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 had nsubj 8 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 holds conj 9 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 litres nummod 10 litres litre NOUN Number=Plur 8 had obj 11 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 litres acl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 needed punct 13 so so ADV _ 15 needed advmod 14 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 needed nsubj 15 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 holds conj 16 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 17 litres nummod 17 litres litre NOUN Number=Plur 15 needed obj 18 to to PART _ 19 refuel mark 19 refuel refuel VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 needed xcomp 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the tank 50 litres vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme 2 have past tank 10 litres vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Patient 3 leave participle 10 litres not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 need past we 40 litres tree rules 5 refuel not said to happen to-infinitive 40 litres not said here tree rules
Example 6 The rescue boat refuelled at the harbour.
det compound acl case det obl punct root The DET rescue NOUN boat NOUN refuelled VERB at ADP the DET harbour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 boat det 2 rescue rescue NOUN Number=Sing 3 boat compound 3 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 refuelled refuell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 boat acl 5 at at ADP _ 7 harbour case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 harbour det 7 harbour harbour NOUN Number=Sing 4 refuelled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 boat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuell participle the rescue boat not said here the harbour tree rules
Example 7 The runners refuelled with oranges at half-time.
det nsubj case obl case compound punct obl punct root The DET runners NOUN refuelled VERB with ADP oranges NOUN at ADP half NOUN - PUNCT time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 runners det 2 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 3 refuelled nsubj 3 refuelled refuell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 oranges case 5 oranges orange NOUN Number=Plur 3 refuelled obl 6 at at ADP _ 9 time case 7 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 9 time compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 half punct 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 refuelled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 refuelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuell past the runners time with oranges tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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