refugee Who acts: refugee, person, anyone, refugees, new girl, family · What happens: be, have, leave, treat, go, live · To what, where: person, home country, refugees, place, refugee, country · Speech: someone speaks here
«refugee» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: refugee in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A refugee is a person who has had to leave their home country because of war, danger or being treated cruelly, and who has gone to live somewhere safer.
The tree, 29 words det nsubj cop det nsubj aux acl:relcl mark xcomp nmod:poss compound obj case fixed obl punct conj cc aux:pass conj advmod punct cc nsubj aux conj mark xcomp advmod xcomp punct root A DET refugee NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON has AUX had VERB to PART leave VERB their PRON home NOUN country NOUN because ADP of ADP war NOUN , PUNCT danger NOUN or CCONJ being AUX treated VERB cruelly ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ who PRON has AUX gone VERB to PART live VERB somewhere ADV safer ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 refugee det 2 refugee refugee NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 had nsubj 7 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 had aux 8 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 person acl:relcl 9 to to PART _ 10 leave mark 10 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 had xcomp 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 country nmod:poss 12 home home NOUN Number=Sing 13 country compound 13 country country NOUN Number=Sing 10 leave obj 14 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 16 war case 15 of of ADP _ 14 because fixed 16 war war NOUN Number=Sing 10 leave obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 danger punct 18 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 16 war conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 treated cc 20 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 21 treated aux:pass 21 treated treat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 war conj 22 cruelly cruelly ADV _ 21 treated advmod 23 , , PUNCT _ 27 gone punct 24 and and CCONJ _ 27 gone cc 25 who who PRON PronType=Rel 27 gone nsubj 26 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 gone aux 27 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 person conj 28 to to PART _ 29 live mark 29 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 gone xcomp 30 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 31 safer advmod 31 safer safe ADJ Degree=Cmp 29 live xcomp 32 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a refugee a person tree rules 2 have present · perfect a person tree rules 3 leave to-infinitive a person not said here their home country because war and danger vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme 4 treat gerund · passive a person not said here cruelly property vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient» 5 go present · perfect a person vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 live to-infinitive a person not said here safe property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 More loosely, anyone who has had to escape from a place: «refugees from the flood».
The tree, 15 words advmod advmod punct nsubj nsubj aux mark xcomp case det obl punct punct obl case det nmod punct punct root More ADV loosely ADV , PUNCT anyone PRON who PRON has AUX had VERB to PART escape VERB from ADP a DET place NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT refugees NOUN from ADP the DET flood NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 More more ADV Degree=Cmp 2 loosely advmod 2 loosely loosely ADV _ 7 had advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 loosely punct 4 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 had nsubj 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 had nsubj 6 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 had aux 7 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 8 to to PART _ 9 escape mark 9 escape escape VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 had xcomp 10 from from ADP _ 12 place case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 place det 12 place place NOUN Number=Sing 9 escape obl 13 : : PUNCT _ 7 had punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 refugees punct 15 refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 7 had obl 16 from from ADP _ 18 flood case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 flood det 18 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 15 refugees nmod 19 » » PUNCT _ 15 refugees punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · perfect anyone refugees from the flood loosely property tree rules 2 escape to-infinitive refugees from the flood not said here a place vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from place=Initial_Location
Example 1 A new girl in our class is a refugee from a country at war.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj case nmod:poss nmod cop det case det nmod case nmod punct root A DET new ADJ girl NOUN in ADP our PRON class NOUN is AUX a DET refugee NOUN from ADP a DET country NOUN at ADP war NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 girl det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 girl amod 3 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 9 refugee nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 class case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 class nmod:poss 6 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 girl nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 refugee cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 refugee det 9 refugee refugee NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 from from ADP _ 12 country case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 country det 12 country country NOUN Number=Sing 9 refugee nmod 13 at at ADP _ 14 war case 14 war war NOUN Number=Sing 12 country nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 refugee punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a new girl in our class a refugee a country at war tree rules
Example 2 The family lived in a refugee camp for two years.
det nsubj case det compound obl case nummod obl punct root The DET family NOUN lived VERB in ADP a DET refugee NOUN camp NOUN for ADP two NUM years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 family det 2 family family NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived nsubj 3 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 camp case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 camp det 6 refugee refugee NOUN Number=Sing 7 camp compound 7 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived obl 8 for for ADP _ 10 years case 9 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 years nummod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 lived obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the family a refugee camp year vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in camp=Location
Example 3 Refugees often leave with only what they can carry.
nsubj advmod case advmod obl nsubj aux acl:relcl punct root Refugees NOUN often ADV leave VERB with ADP only ADV what PRON they PRON can AUX carry VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 3 leave nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 leave advmod 3 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 what case 5 only only ADV _ 6 what advmod 6 what what PRON PronType=Rel 3 leave obl 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 carry nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 carry aux 9 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 what acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present Refugees often property vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with what=Theme 2 carry can Refugees = refugee vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Our school collected warm coats for refugees.
nmod:poss nsubj amod obj case obl punct root Our PRON school NOUN collected VERB warm ADJ coats NOUN for ADP refugees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 collected nsubj 3 collected collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 5 coats amod 5 coats coat NOUN Number=Plur 3 collected obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 refugees case 7 refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 3 collected obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 collected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect past Our school warm coats for refugees vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme
Example 5 Many people became refugees after the earthquake destroyed their towns.
amod nsubj xcomp mark det nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Many ADJ people NOUN became VERB refugees NOUN after SCONJ the DET earthquake NOUN destroyed VERB their PRON towns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 became nsubj 3 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 3 became xcomp 5 after after SCONJ _ 8 destroyed mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 earthquake det 7 earthquake earthquake NOUN Number=Sing 8 destroyed nsubj 8 destroyed destroy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 became advcl 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 towns nmod:poss 10 towns town NOUN Number=Plur 8 destroyed obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 became punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become past Many people refugees vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 destroy past the earthquake people's towns vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Patient
Example 6 The book tells the story of a refugee boy crossing the sea.
det nsubj det obj case det compound nmod acl det obj punct root The DET book NOUN tells VERB the DET story NOUN of ADP a DET refugee NOUN boy NOUN crossing VERB the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 tells nsubj 3 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 story det 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 tells obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 boy case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 boy det 8 refugee refugee NOUN Number=Sing 9 boy compound 9 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 5 story nmod 10 crossing cross VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 boy acl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 sea det 12 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 10 crossing obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present the book the story of a refugee boy vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient 2 cross gerund a refugee boy not said here the sea vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient
Example 7 Countries have laws that protect refugees.
nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Countries NOUN have VERB laws NOUN that PRON protect VERB refugees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Countries country NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 laws law NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 protect nsubj 5 protect protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 laws acl:relcl 6 refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 5 protect obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Countries laws vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Patient 2 protect present laws refugees vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refugee=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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