refusal Who acts: refusal, His, shop, She, horse, Your · What happens: be, not do, give, accept, share, make · To what, where: something, refusal, refund, polite refusal, last fence, car · Speech: someone speaks here
«refusal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: refusal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A refusal is when someone says no, or will not do, give or accept something.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop advmod nsubj discourse punct cc aux advmod ccomp punct conj cc conj obj punct root A DET refusal NOUN is AUX when ADV someone PRON says VERB no INTJ , PUNCT or CCONJ will AUX not PART do VERB , PUNCT give VERB or CCONJ accept VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 refusal det 2 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 6 says nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 says cop 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 says advmod 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 says nsubj 6 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 6 says discourse 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 do punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 do cc 10 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 do aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 do advmod 12 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 says ccomp 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 give punct 14 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 do conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 accept cc 16 accept accept VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 give conj 17 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 16 accept obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be speech: assert present a refusal say property tree rules 2 not do future vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 give infinitive vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 4 accept infinitive something vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 His refusal to share made his sister cry.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass mark acl nmod:poss compound obj punct root His PRON refusal NOUN to PART share VERB made VERB his PRON sister NOUN cry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 refusal nmod:poss 2 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 5 made nsubj:pass 3 to to PART _ 4 share mark 4 share share VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 refusal acl 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 cry nmod:poss 7 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 8 cry compound 8 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 share to-infinitive His refusal not said here tree rules 2 make participle · passive His refusal vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary cry=Product 3 refuse His = he nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent 4 cry his = he nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 The shop's refusal to give a refund was unfair.
det nmod:poss case nsubj mark acl det obj cop punct root The DET shop NOUN 's PART refusal NOUN to PART give VERB a DET refund NOUN was AUX unfair ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 refusal nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 shop case 4 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 10 unfair nsubj 5 to to PART _ 6 give mark 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 refusal acl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 refund det 8 refund refund NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 unfair cop 10 unfair unfair ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 unfair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive the shop's refusal not said here a refund vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refund=Theme 2 is past the shop's refusal unfair property tree rules 3 refuse the shop nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 She gave a polite but firm refusal.
nsubj det amod cc conj obj punct root She PRON gave VERB a DET polite ADJ but CCONJ firm ADJ refusal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 refusal det 4 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 7 refusal amod 5 but but CCONJ _ 6 firm cc 6 firm firm ADJ Degree=Pos 4 polite conj 7 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a polite refusal vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refusal=Theme
Example 4 The horse made a refusal at the last fence.
det nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root The DET horse NOUN made VERB a DET refusal NOUN at ADP the DET last ADJ fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 refusal det 5 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 at at ADP _ 9 fence case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fence det 8 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fence amod 9 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the horse a refusal the last fence vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refusal=Product
Example 5 Your refusal to get in a stranger's car was exactly right.
nmod:poss nsubj mark acl case det nmod:poss case obl cop advmod punct root Your PRON refusal NOUN to PART get VERB in ADP a DET stranger NOUN 's PART car NOUN was AUX exactly ADV right ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 refusal nmod:poss 2 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 12 right nsubj 3 to to PART _ 4 get mark 4 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 refusal acl 5 in in ADP _ 9 car case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stranger det 7 stranger stranger NOUN Number=Sing 9 car nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 stranger case 9 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 get obl 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 right cop 11 exactly exactly ADV _ 12 right advmod 12 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get to-infinitive Your refusal not said here a stranger's car vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 is past Your refusal exactly, right property tree rules 3 refuse Your nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The council's refusal surprised everyone.
det nmod:poss case nsubj obj punct root The DET council NOUN 's PART refusal NOUN surprised VERB everyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 4 refusal nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 council case 4 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 5 surprised nsubj 5 surprised surprise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 surprised obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 surprised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surprise past the council's refusal everyone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer 2 refuse the council nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Watanabe could not hold out in his refusal any longer, so he gave in at last, saying:
The tree, 17 words nsubj aux advmod compound:prt case nmod:poss obl advmod advmod punct advmod nsubj parataxis compound:prt case obl punct conj punct root Watanabe PROPN could AUX not PART hold VERB out ADP in ADP his PRON refusal NOUN any ADV longer ADV , PUNCT so ADV he PRON gave VERB in ADP at ADP last ADJ , PUNCT saying VERB : PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Watanabe Watanabe PROPN Number=Sing 4 hold nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hold aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 hold advmod 4 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 hold compound:prt 6 in in ADP _ 8 refusal case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 refusal nmod:poss 8 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obl 9 any any ADV _ 10 longer advmod 10 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 4 hold advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 gave punct 12 so so ADV _ 14 gave advmod 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 gave nsubj 14 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 hold parataxis 15 in in ADP _ 14 gave compound:prt 16 at at ADP _ 17 last case 17 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 14 gave obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 saying punct 19 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 hold conj 20 : : PUNCT _ 4 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not hold out could Watanabe Watanabe's refusal long property vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in refusal=Location 2 give in past Watanabe last vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert gerund Watanabe not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 refuse Watanabe nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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