refuse Who acts: you, she, refuse, He, It, someone · What happens: refuse, mean, say, not do, ask, do · To what, where: something, you, it, offer, rubbish, toys · Speech: someone speaks here
«refuse» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: refuse in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To refuse means to say no, or to not do something you are asked to do.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj mark xcomp discourse punct cc case advmod conj obj nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root To PART refuse VERB means VERB to PART say VERB no INTJ , PUNCT or CCONJ to ADP not PART do VERB something PRON you PRON are AUX asked VERB to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 refuse mark 2 refuse refuse VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 5 say discourse 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 do punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 do cc 9 to to ADP _ 11 do case 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 do advmod 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 say conj 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 do obj 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 asked nsubj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 asked aux:pass 15 asked ask VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 something acl:relcl 16 to to PART _ 17 do mark 17 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 asked xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse to-infinitive vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 not do infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 ask speech: ask present · passive you vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 6 do not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To refuse something means to not accept it: she refused the offer.
mark csubj obj mark advmod xcomp obj punct nsubj conj det obj punct root To PART refuse VERB something PRON means VERB to PART not PART accept VERB it PRON : PUNCT she PRON refused VERB the DET offer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 refuse mark 2 refuse refuse VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 refuse obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 7 accept mark 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 accept advmod 7 accept accept VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 accept obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 refused punct 10 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 refused nsubj 11 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 means conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 offer det 13 offer offer NOUN Number=Sing 11 refused obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse to-infinitive something vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 not accept not said to happen to-infinitive it vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 4 refuse past she the offer vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offer=Theme
Meaning 3 As a noun (said REF-yoos), refuse means rubbish or waste.
The tree, 11 words case det obl punct amod compound punct appos punct punct nsubj obj cc conj punct root As ADP a DET noun NOUN ( PUNCT said VERB REF NOUN - PUNCT yoos NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT refuse NOUN means VERB rubbish NOUN or CCONJ waste NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 noun case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 noun det 3 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 12 means obl 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 yoos punct 5 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 yoos amod 6 REF ref NOUN Number=Sing 8 yoos compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 REF punct 8 yoos yoo NOUN Number=Plur 3 noun appos 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 yoos punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 3 noun punct 11 refuse refuse NOUN Number=Sing 12 means nsubj 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 12 means obj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 waste cc 15 waste waste NOUN Number=Sing 13 rubbish conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert participle vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 mean present refuse rubbish or waste as a noun vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent rubbish=Topic as noun=Attribute
Example 1 He refused to share his toys.
nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON refused VERB to PART share VERB his PRON toys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 refused nsubj 2 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 share mark 4 share share VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 refused xcomp 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 toys nmod:poss 6 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 4 share obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past He vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not share to-infinitive He not said here his toys tree rules
Example 2 It's okay to refuse if someone asks you to do something unsafe.
nsubj cop mark csubj mark nsubj advcl obj mark xcomp obj amod punct root It PRON 's AUX okay ADJ to PART refuse VERB if SCONJ someone PRON asks VERB you PRON to PART do VERB something PRON unsafe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 okay nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 okay cop 3 okay okay ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 refuse mark 5 refuse refuse VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 okay csubj 6 if if SCONJ _ 8 asks mark 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 asks nsubj 8 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 refuse advcl 9 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 asks obj 10 to to PART _ 11 do mark 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 asks xcomp 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 do obj 13 unsafe unsafe ADJ Degree=Pos 12 something amod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 okay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It okay property tree rules 2 refuse to-infinitive vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 3 ask speech: ask a condition, not said to happen present someone you vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 4 do not said to happen to-infinitive someone not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 3 The dog refused to eat its dinner.
det nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET dog NOUN refused VERB to PART eat VERB its PRON dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 refused nsubj 3 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 eat mark 5 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 refused xcomp 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 dinner nmod:poss 7 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 5 eat obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past the dog vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not eat to-infinitive the dog not said here dog's dinner vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient
Example 4 She refused the sweets because she had an allergy.
nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root She PRON refused VERB the DET sweets NOUN because SCONJ she PRON had VERB an DET allergy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 refused nsubj 2 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sweets det 4 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 2 refused obj 5 because because SCONJ _ 7 had mark 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 had nsubj 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 refused advcl 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 allergy det 9 allergy allergy NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past She the sweets vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme 2 have past she a allergy vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent allergy=Patient
Example 5 The donkey refused to move.
det nsubj mark xcomp punct root The DET donkey NOUN refused VERB to PART move VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 donkey det 2 donkey donkey NOUN Number=Sing 3 refused nsubj 3 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 refused xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past the donkey vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not move to-infinitive the donkey not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The refuse lorry takes away the rubbish on Mondays.
det compound nsubj advmod det obj case obl punct root The DET refuse NOUN lorry NOUN takes VERB away ADV the DET rubbish NOUN on ADP Mondays PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lorry det 2 refuse refuse NOUN Number=Sing 3 lorry compound 3 lorry lorry NOUN Number=Sing 4 takes nsubj 4 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 away away ADV _ 4 takes advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rubbish det 7 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 4 takes obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 Mondays case 9 Mondays Monday PROPN Number=Plur 4 takes obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take away present the refuse lorry the rubbish monday away property vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme
Example 7 I asked him to stop, but he refused.
nsubj iobj mark xcomp punct cc nsubj conj punct root I PRON asked VERB him PRON to PART stop VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON refused VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 asked nsubj 2 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 asked iobj 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 asked xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 refused punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 9 refused cc 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 refused nsubj 9 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 asked conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past I him = he vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic 2 stop not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 refuse past he vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 8 You can refuse a hug if you don't want one.
nsubj aux det obj mark nsubj aux advmod advcl obj punct root You PRON can AUX refuse VERB a DET hug NOUN if SCONJ you PRON do AUX n't PART want VERB one NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 refuse nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 refuse aux 3 refuse refuse VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hug det 5 hug hug NOUN Number=Sing 3 refuse obj 6 if if SCONJ _ 10 want mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 want nsubj 8 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 want aux 9 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 10 want advmod 10 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 refuse advcl 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 want obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 refuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse can You a hug vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hug=Theme 2 not want a condition, not said to happen present · do-support you one vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot one=Theme
Example 9 At first I refused to go.
case obl nsubj mark xcomp punct root At ADP first ADV I PRON refused VERB to PART go VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 first case 2 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 refused obl 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 refused nsubj 4 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 go mark 6 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 refused xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past I vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not go to-infinitive I not said here vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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