reinforcement Who acts: Reinforcements, helpers, concrete, 200 soldiers, 150 reinforcements, Praise · What happens: make, be, send, give, have, call · To what, where: thing, extra soldiers, helpers, support, lesson, steel reinforcement · Speech: someone speaks here
«reinforcement» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: reinforcement in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something that makes another thing stronger, such as steel bars inside concrete.
nsubj acl:relcl det obj xcomp punct case fixed compound nmod case nmod punct root Something PRON that PRON makes VERB another DET thing NOUN stronger ADJ , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP steel NOUN bars NOUN inside ADP concrete NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 another another DET PronType=Ind 5 thing det 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj 6 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 makes xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 bars punct 8 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 11 bars case 9 as as ADP _ 8 such fixed 10 steel steel NOUN Number=Sing 11 bars compound 11 bars bar NOUN Number=Plur 1 Something nmod 12 inside inside ADP _ 13 concrete case 13 concrete concrete NOUN Number=Sing 11 bars nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present another thing strong property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «Reinforcements» are extra soldiers, police or helpers sent to give support.
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj punct cop amod punct conj cc conj acl mark xcomp obj punct root « PUNCT Reinforcements NOUN » PUNCT are AUX extra ADJ soldiers NOUN , PUNCT police NOUN or CCONJ helpers NOUN sent VERB to PART give VERB support NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Reinforcements punct 2 Reinforcements reinforcement NOUN Number=Plur 6 soldiers nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Reinforcements punct 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 soldiers cop 5 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 6 soldiers amod 6 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 police punct 8 police police NOUN Number=Plur 6 soldiers conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 helpers cc 10 helpers helper NOUN Number=Plur 6 soldiers conj 11 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 helpers acl 12 to to PART _ 13 give mark 13 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 sent xcomp 14 support support NOUN Number=Sing 13 give obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 soldiers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Reinforcements extra soldiers and police or helpers tree rules 2 send participle helpers not said here tree rules 3 give to-infinitive helpers not said here support vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent support=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: teaching, formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Making a lesson or behaviour stronger by practice or praise: positive reinforcement.
csubj det obj cc conj case obl cc conj punct amod obl punct root Making VERB a DET lesson NOUN or CCONJ behaviour NOUN stronger ADJ by ADP practice NOUN or CCONJ praise NOUN : PUNCT positive ADJ reinforcement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stronger csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 lesson det 3 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 1 Making obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 behaviour cc 5 behaviour behaviour NOUN Number=Sing 3 lesson conj 6 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 7 by by ADP _ 8 practice case 8 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 6 stronger obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 praise cc 10 praise praise NOUN Number=Sing 8 practice conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 reinforcement punct 12 positive positive ADJ Degree=Pos 13 reinforcement amod 13 reinforcement reinforcement NOUN Number=Sing 6 stronger obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 stronger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund a lesson or behaviour vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lesson=Product
Example 1 The concrete has steel reinforcement inside.
det nsubj compound obj advmod punct root The DET concrete NOUN has VERB steel NOUN reinforcement NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 concrete det 2 concrete concrete NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 steel steel NOUN Number=Sing 5 reinforcement compound 5 reinforcement reinforcement NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 inside inside ADV _ 3 has advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the concrete steel reinforcement inside property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reinforcement=Patient
Example 2 The captain called for reinforcements.
det acl case obl punct root The DET captain NOUN called VERB for ADP reinforcements NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 captain det 2 captain captain NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 captain acl 4 for for ADP _ 5 reinforcements case 5 reinforcements reinforcement NOUN Number=Plur 3 called obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 captain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle the captain not said here for reinforcements vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for reinforcement=Recipient
Example 3 200 soldiers held the fort, then 150 reinforcements arrived.
nummod nsubj det obj punct advmod nummod nsubj conj punct root 200 NUM soldiers NOUN held VERB the DET fort NOUN , PUNCT then ADV 150 NUM reinforcements NOUN arrived VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 200 200 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 soldiers nummod 2 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 held nsubj 3 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fort det 5 fort fort NOUN Number=Sing 3 held obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 arrived punct 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 10 arrived advmod 8 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 reinforcements nummod 9 reinforcements reinforcement NOUN Number=Plur 10 arrived nsubj 10 arrived arrive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 held conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold past 200 soldiers the fort vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fort=Theme 2 arrive past 150 reinforcements then vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Praise is a kind of positive reinforcement.
nsubj cop det case amod nmod punct root Praise NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP positive ADJ reinforcement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Praise praise NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kind cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 reinforcement case 6 positive positive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 reinforcement amod 7 reinforcement reinforcement NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Praise a kind of positive reinforcement tree rules
Example 5 Homework gives reinforcement to what we learn in class.
nsubj obj case obl nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root Homework NOUN gives VERB reinforcement NOUN to ADP what PRON we PRON learn VERB in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 reinforcement reinforcement NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 what case 5 what what PRON PronType=Rel 2 gives obl 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 learn nsubj 7 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 what acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 9 class case 9 class class NOUN Number=Sing 7 learn obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Homework reinforcement vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent reinforcement=Theme to what=Recipient 2 learn present we class vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The fence needed reinforcement after the storm.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET fence NOUN needed VERB reinforcement NOUN after ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fence det 2 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 needed nsubj 3 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 reinforcement reinforcement NOUN Number=Sing 3 needed obj 5 after after ADP _ 7 storm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 storm det 7 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 3 needed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 needed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need past the fence reinforcement after the storm vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot reinforcement=Theme
Example 7 (joking) Mum called in reinforcements to tidy my room — Grandma!
punct punct obj acl case obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct conj punct root ( PUNCT joking VERB ) PUNCT Mum NOUN called VERB in ADP reinforcements NOUN to PART tidy VERB my PRON room NOUN — PUNCT Grandma NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 joking punct 2 joking joke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 joking punct 4 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 joking obj 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 Mum acl 6 in in ADP _ 7 reinforcements case 7 reinforcements reinforcement NOUN Number=Plur 5 called obl 8 to to PART _ 9 tidy mark 9 tidy tidy VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 called advcl 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 room nmod:poss 11 room room NOUN Number=Sing 9 tidy obj 12 — - PUNCT _ 13 Grandma punct 13 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 11 room conj 14 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 joking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other gerund Mum tree rules 2 call participle Mum not said here reinforcements vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 tidy to-infinitive my room and Grandma tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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