remain Who acts: other things, two cakes, you, many, Sam, many cookies · What happens: remain, be, go, use, seat, leave · To what, where: same place, Remains, 16, 17, 20 cookies, 6
«remain» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: remain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To remain is to stay or still be there after other things have gone or been used: two cakes remain.
The tree, 20 words mark csubj cop mark cc advmod cop conj mark amod nsubj aux advcl cc aux:pass conj punct nummod nsubj parataxis punct root To PART remain VERB is AUX to PART stay VERB or CCONJ still ADV be AUX there ADV after SCONJ other ADJ things NOUN have AUX gone VERB or CCONJ been AUX used VERB : PUNCT two NUM cakes NOUN remain VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 remain mark 2 remain remain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stay cop 4 to to PART _ 5 stay mark 5 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 there cc 7 still still ADV _ 9 there advmod 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 there cop 9 there there ADV PronType=Dem 5 stay conj 10 after after SCONJ _ 14 gone mark 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 12 things amod 12 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 14 gone nsubj 13 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 gone aux 14 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 stay advcl 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 used cc 16 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 17 used aux:pass 17 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 gone conj 18 : : PUNCT _ 21 remain punct 19 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 20 cakes nummod 20 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 21 remain nsubj 21 remain remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stay parataxis 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present stay property tree rules 3 is infinitive still there property tree rules 4 go present · perfect other things vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 use participle · passive other things not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V» 6 remain present two cakes vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To remain is to stay in the same place or state: remain seated.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark case det amod obl cc conj punct conj xcomp punct root To PART remain VERB is AUX to PART stay VERB in ADP the DET same ADJ place NOUN or CCONJ state NOUN : PUNCT remain VERB seated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 remain mark 2 remain remain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stay cop 4 to to PART _ 5 stay mark 5 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 in in ADP _ 9 place case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 place det 8 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 9 place amod 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 stay obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 state cc 11 state state NOUN Number=Sing 9 place conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 13 remain punct 13 remain remain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay conj 14 seated seat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 remain xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present the same place or state stay property tree rules 3 remain infinitive tree rules 4 seat participle vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
Meaning 3 Remains are what is left of something, such as old bones or ruins.
The tree, 13 words nsubj:pass aux:pass nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct case fixed amod appos cc conj punct root Remains NOUN are AUX what PRON is AUX left VERB of ADP something PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP old ADJ bones NOUN or CCONJ ruins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Remains remains NOUN Number=Ptan 5 left nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 5 left nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 left obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 bones punct 9 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 bones case 10 as as ADP _ 9 such fixed 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 bones amod 12 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 7 something appos 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 ruins cc 14 ruins ruin NOUN Number=Plur 12 bones conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive Remains of something vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Source of something=Destination
Example 1 Take 16 away from 17. How many remain?
Sentence 1: Take 16 away from 17.
obj advmod case obl punct root Take VERB 16 NUM away ADV from ADP 17 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 16 16 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Take obj 3 away away ADV _ 1 Take advmod 4 from from ADP _ 5 17 case 5 17 17 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Take obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take away imperative you not said here 16 17 away property vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent 16=Theme from 17=Initial_Location
Sentence 2: How many remain?
advmod nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ remain VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 remain nsubj 3 remain remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain present many vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Sam had 20 cookies and ate 6. How many cookies remain?
Sentence 1: Sam had 20 cookies and ate 6.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj punct root Sam PROPN had VERB 20 NUM cookies NOUN and CCONJ ate VERB 6 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cookies nummod 4 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 ate cc 6 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 7 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 ate obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Sam 20 cookies vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient 2 eat past Sam not said here 6 vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6=Patient
Sentence 2: How many cookies remain?
advmod amod nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ cookies NOUN remain VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cookies amod 3 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 4 remain nsubj 4 remain remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain present many cookies vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 9 birds remain on the fence after 4 fly away.
nummod nsubj case det obl mark nsubj advcl advmod punct root 9 NUM birds NOUN remain VERB on ADP the DET fence NOUN after SCONJ 4 NUM fly VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 birds nummod 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 remain nsubj 3 remain remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 fence case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fence det 6 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 remain obl 7 after after SCONJ _ 9 fly mark 8 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 fly nsubj 9 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 remain advcl 10 away away ADV _ 9 fly advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain present 9 birds the fence vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fence=Location 2 fly away present 4 away property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 How many seats remain empty?
advmod amod nsubj xcomp punct root How ADV many ADJ seats NOUN remain VERB empty ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 seats amod 3 seats seat NOUN Number=Plur 4 remain nsubj 4 remain remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 4 remain xcomp 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain present many seats empty property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Please remain in your seats until the bus stops.
discourse case nmod:poss obl mark det nsubj advcl punct root Please INTJ remain VERB in ADP your PRON seats NOUN until SCONJ the DET bus NOUN stops VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 remain discourse 2 remain remain VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 seats case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 seats nmod:poss 5 seats seat NOUN Number=Plur 2 remain obl 6 until until SCONJ _ 9 stops mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bus det 8 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 9 stops nsubj 9 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 remain advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain imperative you not said here your seats vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in seat=Location 2 stop present the bus vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 6 In a fire drill, remain calm and walk outside.
case det compound obl punct xcomp cc conj advmod punct root In ADP a DET fire NOUN drill NOUN , PUNCT remain VERB calm ADJ and CCONJ walk VERB outside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 drill case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 drill det 3 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 4 drill compound 4 drill drill NOUN Number=Sing 6 remain obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 drill punct 6 remain remain VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 remain xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 walk cc 9 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 remain conj 10 outside outside ADV _ 9 walk advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain imperative you not said here a fire drill calm property vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in drill=Location 2 walk infinitive you not said here outside property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Only a few leaves remain on the tree.
advmod det amod nsubj case det obl punct root Only ADV a DET few ADJ leaves NOUN remain VERB on ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 5 remain advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 leaves det 3 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 4 leaves amod 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 remain nsubj 5 remain remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 tree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tree det 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 remain obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 remain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain present a few leaves the tree vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location
Example 8 Scientists found the remains of a dinosaur.
nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root Scientists NOUN found VERB the DET remains NOUN of ADP a DET dinosaur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 remains det 4 remains remains NOUN Number=Ptan 2 found obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 dinosaur case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 dinosaur det 7 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 4 remains nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Scientists the remains of a dinosaur vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Topic
Example 9 The merchant's daughter remained with them.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case obl punct root The DET merchant NOUN 's PART daughter NOUN remained VERB with ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 merchant det 2 merchant merchant NOUN Number=Sing 4 daughter nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 merchant case 4 daughter daughter NOUN Number=Sing 5 remained nsubj 5 remained remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 them case 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 remained obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 remained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remain past the merchant's daughter with them = they vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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