retard

Who acts: someone, Cold weather, plants, retardant pyjamas, Salt, word · What happens: slow down, delay, retard, think, not use, grow · To what, where: something, growth, disability, curtains, fire, rotting · Speech: someone speaks here

«retard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: retard in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal, science — kept apart, not parsed.

To slow down or delay something: to retard growth, fire-retardant material.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 slow	mark
2	slow	slow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 slow	compound:prt
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 delay	cc
5	delay	delay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 slow	conj
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 delay	obj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 retard	punct
8	to	to	PART	_	9 retard	mark
9	retard	retard	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 something	acl:relcl
10	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 retard	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 material	punct
12	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 retardant	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 fire	punct
14	retardant	retardant	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 material	compound
15	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 growth	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 slow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	slow down	to-infinitive		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	delay	infinitive	something	vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent something=Source
3	retard	to-infinitive	growth and retardant material	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: rude, offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

A very hurtful insult for a person with a learning disability or for someone thought stupid — never use it.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 insult	det
2	very	very	ADV	_	3 hurtful	advmod
3	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 insult	amod
4	insult	insult	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 insult	nmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 disability	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 disability	det
10	learning	learning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 disability	compound
11	disability	disability	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	nmod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 thought	cc
13	for	for	SCONJ	_	15 thought	mark
14	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	15 thought	nsubj
15	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 disability	conj
16	stupid	stupid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 thought	xcomp
17	—	-	PUNCT	_	19 use	punct
18	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	19 use	advmod
19	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 insult	parataxis
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 use	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 insult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	someone					stupid property	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not use	infinitive		disability					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Example 1

Cold weather retards the growth of plants.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 weather	amod
2	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retards	nsubj
3	retards	retard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 growth	det
5	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retards	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 plants	case
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 growth	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 retards	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retard	present	Cold weather	the growth of plants					tree rules
2	grow		plants						nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Example 2

The curtains are treated to retard fire.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 curtains	det
2	curtains	curtain	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 treated	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 treated	aux:pass
4	treated	treat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 retard	mark
6	retard	retard	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 treated	xcomp
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 retard	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 treated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat	present · passive		the curtains					vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
2	retard	to-infinitive		fire					tree rules

Example 3

Fire-retardant pyjamas are safer for children.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retardant	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Fire	punct
3	retardant	retardant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pyjamas	compound
4	pyjamas	pyjama	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 safer	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 safer	cop
6	safer	safe	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 children	case
8	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 safer	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 safer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	retardant pyjamas					for children; safe property	tree rules

Example 4

Salt can retard the rotting of meat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retard	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 retard	aux
3	retard	retard	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rotting	det
5	rotting	rotting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retard	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 meat	case
7	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rotting	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 retard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retard	can	Salt	the rotting of meat					tree rules
2	rot			meat					nom rotting «process transitive»: of=patient

Example 5

(rude, a bully in a story) «Don't call him that word — it's cruel,» said the teacher.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 rude	punct
2	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 call	advcl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 bully	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bully	det
5	bully	bully	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rude	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 story	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 story	det
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bully	nmod
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 rude	punct
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 call	punct
11	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	13 call	aux
12	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 call	advmod
13	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 said	ccomp
14	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 call	obj
15	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 word	det
16	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 call	obj
17	—	-	PUNCT	_	20 cruel	punct
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 cruel	nsubj
19	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 cruel	cop
20	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 call	advcl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 cruel	punct
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	23 said	punct
23	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 teacher	det
25	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 said	nsubj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not call in a quote	infinitive · do-support		him = he		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme word=Result
2	is in a quote	present	word		cruel property	tree rules
3	say speech: assert	past	the teacher			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/retard/