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roast

Who acts: I, We, Dad, Roast potatoes, you, smell · What happens: cook, roast, be, have, fill, smell · To what, where: food, marshmallows, campfire, chicken, outside, roast dinner

«roast» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: roast in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To cook food, like meat or vegetables, in an oven or over a fire.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 cook	mark
2	cook	cook	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cook	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 meat	punct
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 meat	case
6	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cook	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 vegetables	cc
8	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 meat	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 oven	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 oven	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 oven	det
12	oven	oven	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cook	parataxis
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 fire	cc
14	over	over	ADP	_	16 fire	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 fire	det
16	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 oven	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 cook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cook	to-infinitive		food					vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent food=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

As an adjective, cooked in this way.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	3 adjective	case
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 adjective	det
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cooked	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 adjective	punct
5	cooked	cook	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 way	case
7	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 way	det
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cooked	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cooked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cook	participle						as a adjective; in this way	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in way=Instrument

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"roast chicken", "roast potatoes".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 chicken	punct
2	roast	roast	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chicken	compound
3	chicken	chicken	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 chicken	punct
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 potatoes	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 potatoes	punct
7	roast	roast	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 potatoes	compound
8	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 chicken	appos
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 potatoes	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 chicken	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

As a noun, a piece of roasted meat or a big meal with it.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	3 noun	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 noun	det
3	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 piece	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 piece	det
6	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 noun	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 meat	case
8	roasted	roast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 meat	amod
9	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 piece	nmod
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 meal	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 meal	det
12	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 meal	amod
13	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 noun	conj
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 it	case
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 meal	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 noun	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roast	participle							vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"Sunday roast".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 roast	punct
2	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 roast	compound
3	roast	roast	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 roast	punct
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 roast	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 4

Informally, to be very hot.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Informally	informally	ADV	_	6 hot	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Informally	punct
3	to	to	PART	_	6 hot	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 hot	cop
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 hot	advmod
6	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hot	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	to-infinitive						hot, informally property	tree rules

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"I'm roasting!"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 roasting	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 roasting	nsubj
3	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 roasting	aux
4	roasting	roast	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 roasting	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 roasting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roast in a quote	present · progressive	I						vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

Example 1

We roasted marshmallows over the campfire.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 roasted	nsubj
2	roasted	roast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	marshmallows	marshmallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 roasted	obj
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 campfire	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 campfire	det
6	campfire	campfire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roasted	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 roasted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roast	past	We	marshmallows		the campfire			vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent marshmallow=Patient

Example 2

Dad roasts a chicken every Sunday.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roasts	nsubj
2	roasts	roast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 chicken	det
4	chicken	chicken	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roasts	obj
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 Sunday	det
6	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 roasts	obl:unmarked
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 roasts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roast	present	Dad	a chicken			sunday		vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chicken=Patient

Example 3

Roast potatoes are crispy on the outside.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roast	roast	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 potatoes	compound
2	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 crispy	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 crispy	cop
4	crispy	crispy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 outside	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 outside	det
7	outside	outside	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crispy	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 crispy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Roast potatoes			the outside		crispy property	tree rules

Example 4

We had a roast dinner at Grandma's.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dinner	det
4	roast	roast	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dinner	compound
5	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 Grandma	case
7	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	obl
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Grandma	case
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	We	a roast dinner				at Grandma	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient

Example 5

Roast the carrots for forty minutes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roast	roast	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 carrots	det
3	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Roast	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 minutes	case
5	forty	forty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 minutes	nummod
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Roast	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Roast	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roast	imperative	you not said here	the carrots			minute		vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent carrot=Patient

Example 6

I'm roasting in this coat!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 roasting	nsubj
2	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 roasting	aux
3	roasting	roast	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 coat	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 coat	det
6	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 roasting	obl
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 roasting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roast	present · progressive	I					in this coat	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent in coat=Instrument

Example 7

The smell of roast beef filled the kitchen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 smell	det
2	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 filled	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 beef	case
4	roast	roast	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 beef	compound
5	beef	beef	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smell	nmod
6	filled	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 kitchen	det
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 filled	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 filled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	past	the smell of roast beef	the kitchen					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent kitchen=Patient
2	smell		roast beef						nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Example 8

The apples were beginning to roast.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 apples	det
2	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 beginning	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 beginning	aux
4	beginning	begin	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 roast	mark
6	roast	roast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 beginning	xcomp
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 beginning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	past · progressive	the apples						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	roast	to-infinitive	the apples not said here						vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/roast/