roll Who acts: ball, car, roll, tape, She, 12 dinner · What happens: roll, be, move, roll down, wound up, mean · To what, where: ground, wheels, hill, small round bread, long piece, tube shape · Speech: someone speaks here
«roll» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: roll in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To roll is to turn over and over, like a ball moving along the ground.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl cop mark advmod cc conj punct case det obl acl case det obl punct root To PART roll VERB is AUX to PART turn VERB over ADV and CCONJ over ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET ball NOUN moving VERB along ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 roll mark 2 roll roll VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 turn advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 turn cop 4 to to PART _ 5 turn mark 5 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 over over ADV _ 5 turn advmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 over cc 8 over over ADV _ 6 over conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 ball punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 ball case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 5 turn obl 13 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 ball acl 14 along along ADP _ 16 ground case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 ground det 16 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 13 moving obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present like a ball; over, turn property tree rules 3 move gerund a ball not said here the ground vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme along ground=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To roll is to move on wheels: the car rolled down the hill.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl cop mark case obl punct det conj acl case det obl punct root To PART roll VERB is AUX to PART move VERB on ADP wheels NOUN : PUNCT the DET car NOUN rolled VERB down ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 roll mark 2 roll roll VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 move advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 move cop 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 wheels case 7 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 5 move obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 car punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 car det 10 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 move conj 11 rolled roll VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 car acl 12 down down ADP _ 14 hill case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 hill det 14 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 11 rolled obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present wheels move property tree rules 3 roll down participle the car not said here the hill vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Agent
Meaning 3 A roll is a small round bread.
det nsubj cop det amod amod punct root A DET roll NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ round ADJ bread NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 roll det 2 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 7 bread nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bread cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bread det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bread amod 6 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bread amod 7 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 bread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a roll a small round bread tree rules
Meaning 4 A roll is a long piece of paper, tape, film or cloth wound up into a tube shape.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct nsubj punct conj cc conj parataxis compound:prt case det compound obl punct root A DET roll NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ piece NOUN of ADP paper NOUN , PUNCT tape NOUN , PUNCT film NOUN or CCONJ cloth NOUN wound VERB up ADP into ADP a DET tube NOUN shape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 roll det 2 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piece det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 piece amod 6 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 paper case 8 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 tape punct 10 tape tape NOUN Number=Sing 15 wound nsubj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 film punct 12 film film NOUN Number=Sing 10 tape conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 cloth cc 14 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 10 tape conj 15 wound wound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piece parataxis 16 up up ADP _ 15 wound compound:prt 17 into into ADP _ 20 shape case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 shape det 19 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing 20 shape compound 20 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 15 wound obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a roll a long piece of paper tree rules 2 wound up present tape and film or cloth a tube shape vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 5 To roll dice is to throw them.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj punct root To PART roll VERB dice NOUN is AUX to PART throw VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 roll mark 2 roll roll VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 throw advcl 3 dice dice NOUN Number=Sing 2 roll obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 throw cop 5 to to PART _ 6 throw mark 6 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 throw obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 throw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll to-infinitive dice vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dice=Agent 2 is present throw property tree rules
Meaning 6 A roll is a list of names: the class roll.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct det compound parataxis punct root A DET roll NOUN is AUX a DET list NOUN of ADP names NOUN : PUNCT the DET class NOUN roll NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 roll det 2 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 5 list nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 list cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 list det 5 list list NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 names case 7 names name NOUN Number=Plur 5 list nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 roll punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 roll det 10 class class NOUN Number=Sing 11 roll compound 11 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 5 list parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 list punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a roll a list of names tree rules
Meaning 7 A roll is a long deep sound: a roll of thunder, a drum roll.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct det conj case nmod punct det compound conj punct root A DET roll NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ deep ADJ sound NOUN : PUNCT a DET roll NOUN of ADP thunder NOUN , PUNCT a DET drum NOUN roll NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 roll det 2 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 7 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sound cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sound det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sound amod 6 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sound amod 7 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 roll punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 roll det 10 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 7 sound conj 11 of of ADP _ 12 thunder case 12 thunder thunder NOUN Number=Sing 10 roll nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 roll punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 roll det 15 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 16 roll compound 16 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 10 roll conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a roll a long deep sound and a roll of thunder and a drum roll tree rules 2 roll thunder nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 8 To roll can also mean to move forward steadily, like a wave.
mark csubj aux advmod mark xcomp advmod advmod punct case det obl punct root To PART roll VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB to PART move VERB forward ADV steadily ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET wave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 roll mark 2 roll roll VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 move mark 7 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean xcomp 8 forward forward ADV _ 7 move advmod 9 steadily steadily ADV _ 7 move advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 wave punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 wave case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 wave det 13 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing 7 move obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move forward not said to happen to-infinitive like a wave; forward, steadily property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 She bought 12 dinner rolls.
nsubj nummod nsubj ccomp punct root She PRON bought VERB 12 NUM dinner NOUN rolls VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 dinner nummod 4 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 5 rolls nsubj 5 rolls roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 bought ccomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past She vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 roll present 12 dinner vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Each roll of tape is 30 meters long.
det nsubj case nmod cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root Each DET roll NOUN of ADP tape NOUN is AUX 30 NUM meters NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 roll det 2 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 8 long nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 tape case 4 tape tape NOUN Number=Sing 2 roll nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 long cop 6 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 meters nummod 7 meters meter NOUN Number=Plur 8 long obl:unmarked 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present each roll of tape 30 meters obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules 2 roll tape nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 He rolled a 6 on the die.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root He PRON rolled VERB a DET 6 NUM on ADP the DET die NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rolled nsubj 2 rolled roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 6 det 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 rolled obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 die case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 die det 7 die die NOUN Number=Sing 2 rolled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 rolled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll past He a 6 the die vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent 6=Theme on die=Trajectory
Example 4 A roll of stickers has 50 stickers.
det nsubj case nmod nummod obj punct root A DET roll NOUN of ADP stickers NOUN has VERB 50 NUM stickers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 roll det 2 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 stickers case 4 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 2 roll nmod 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 stickers nummod 7 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 5 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a roll of stickers 50 stickers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Patient 2 roll stickers nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 The ball rolled down the hill.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET ball NOUN rolled VERB down ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 rolled roll VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 ball acl 4 down down ADP _ 6 hill case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hill det 6 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 rolled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 ball punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll down participle the ball not said here the hill vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Agent
Example 6 Roll the dough into a long snake.
det obj case det amod obl punct root Roll VERB the DET dough NOUN into ADP a DET long ADJ snake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roll roll VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dough det 3 dough dough NOUN Number=Sing 1 Roll obj 4 into into ADP _ 7 snake case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 snake det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 snake amod 7 snake snake NOUN Number=Sing 1 Roll obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Roll punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll imperative you not said here the dough into a long snake result vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent dough=Theme into snake=Result
Example 7 The teacher called the roll.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN called VERB the DET roll NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 called nsubj 3 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 roll det 5 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 3 called obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past the teacher the roll vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent roll=Recipient
Example 8 There was a roll of thunder.
expl det nsubj case nmod punct root There PRON was VERB a DET roll NOUN of ADP thunder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 roll det 4 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 thunder case 6 thunder thunder NOUN Number=Sing 4 roll nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a roll of thunder there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 roll thunder nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient
Example 9 Roll up your sleeves before you wash the paint pots.
compound:prt nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl det compound obj punct root Roll VERB up ADP your PRON sleeves NOUN before SCONJ you PRON wash VERB the DET paint NOUN pots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roll roll VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Roll compound:prt 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 sleeves nmod:poss 4 sleeves sleeve NOUN Number=Plur 1 Roll obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 wash mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 wash nsubj 7 wash wash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Roll advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 pots det 9 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 10 pots compound 10 pots pot NOUN Number=Plur 7 wash obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Roll punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll up imperative you not said here your sleeves vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleeve=Agent 2 wash present you the paint pots vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pot=Patient
Example 10 Now a wave came rolling onward.
advmod det nsubj advcl advmod punct root Now ADV a DET wave NOUN came VERB rolling VERB onward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Now now ADV PronType=Dem 4 came advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wave det 3 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 rolling roll VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 came advcl 6 onward onward ADV _ 5 rolling advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a wave now vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 roll gerund a wave not said here onward property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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