romansh Who acts: Romansh, It, thousand people, Swiss road signs, Bun di, Schools · What happens: be, speak, do, come, mean, teach · To what, where: language, canton, one, Romansh, Latin · Speech: someone speaks here
«romansh» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: romansh in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Romansh is a language spoken by a small number of people in south-east Switzerland, in the canton of Graubünden.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det acl case det amod obl case nmod case compound punct compound nmod punct case det obl case nmod punct root Romansh PROPN is AUX a DET language NOUN spoken VERB by ADP a DET small ADJ number NOUN of ADP people NOUN in ADP south NOUN - PUNCT east NOUN Switzerland PROPN , PUNCT in ADP the DET canton NOUN of ADP Graubünden PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 6 by by ADP _ 9 number case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 number det 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 number amod 9 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 spoken obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 people case 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 number nmod 12 in in ADP _ 16 Switzerland case 13 south south NOUN Number=Sing 15 east compound 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 south punct 15 east east NOUN Number=Sing 16 Switzerland compound 16 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 11 people nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 canton punct 18 in in ADP _ 20 canton case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 canton det 20 canton canton NOUN Number=Sing 5 spoken obl 21 of of ADP _ 22 Graubünden case 22 Graubünden Graubünden PROPN Number=Sing 20 canton nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Romansh a language tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle a language not said here the canton of Graubünden by a small number of people in east Switzerland vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is one of Switzerland's four national languages, with German, French and Italian.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop case nmod:poss case nummod amod nmod punct case conj punct conj cc conj punct root It PRON is AUX one NUM of ADP Switzerland PROPN 's PART four NUM national ADJ languages NOUN , PUNCT with ADP German ADJ , PUNCT French ADJ and CCONJ Italian ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 one nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 one cop 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 4 of of ADP _ 9 languages case 5 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 9 languages nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Switzerland case 7 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 languages nummod 8 national national ADJ Degree=Pos 9 languages amod 9 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 German punct 11 with with ADP _ 12 German case 12 German German ADJ Degree=Pos 9 languages conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 French punct 14 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 12 German conj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 Italian cc 16 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 12 German conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It one of Switzerland's four national languages tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.
To do with this language or its speakers.
mark case det obl cc nmod:poss conj punct root To PART do VERB with ADP this DET language NOUN or CCONJ its PRON speakers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 do mark 2 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 language case 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 language det 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing 2 do obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 speakers cc 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 speakers nmod:poss 8 speakers speaker NOUN Number=Plur 5 language conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do to-infinitive with this language or its speakers vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Romansh is one of the four national languages of Switzerland.
nsubj cop case det nummod amod nmod case nmod punct root Romansh PROPN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET four NUM national ADJ languages NOUN of ADP Switzerland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing 3 one nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 one cop 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 4 of of ADP _ 8 languages case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 languages det 6 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 languages nummod 7 national national ADJ Degree=Pos 8 languages amod 8 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 9 of of ADP _ 10 Switzerland case 10 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 8 languages nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Romansh one of the four national languages of Switzerland tree rules
Example 2 Only about sixty thousand people speak Romansh.
advmod advmod compound nummod nsubj obj punct root Only ADV about ADV sixty NUM thousand NUM people NOUN speak VERB Romansh PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 4 thousand advmod 2 about about ADV _ 4 thousand advmod 3 sixty sixty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 thousand compound 4 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 people nummod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 speak nsubj 6 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing 6 speak obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present thousand people Romansh tree rules
Example 3 Romansh comes from the Latin spoken by Roman soldiers.
nsubj case det obl advcl case amod obl punct root Romansh PROPN comes VERB from ADP the DET Latin PROPN spoken VERB by ADP Roman ADJ soldiers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing 2 comes nsubj 2 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 Latin case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Latin det 5 Latin Latin PROPN Number=Sing 2 comes obl 6 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 comes advcl 7 by by ADP _ 9 soldiers case 8 Roman roman ADJ Degree=Pos 9 soldiers amod 9 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 6 spoken obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Romansh the Latin vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from latin=Initial_Location 2 speak speech: other participle Romansh not said here by Roman soldiers vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Some Swiss road signs are in Romansh.
det amod compound nsubj cop case punct root Some DET Swiss ADJ road NOUN signs NOUN are AUX in ADP Romansh PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 4 signs det 2 Swiss Swiss ADJ Degree=Pos 4 signs amod 3 road road NOUN Number=Sing 4 signs compound 4 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 7 Romansh nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 Romansh cop 6 in in ADP _ 7 Romansh case 7 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 Romansh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some Swiss road signs Romansh tree rules
Example 5 «Bun di» means «good day» in Romansh.
punct compound nsubj punct punct amod obj punct case nmod punct root « PUNCT Bun NOUN di NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT good ADJ day NOUN » PUNCT in ADP Romansh PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 di punct 2 Bun bun NOUN Number=Sing 3 di compound 3 di di NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 di punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 8 day punct 7 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 8 day amod 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 day punct 10 in in ADP _ 11 Romansh case 11 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing 8 day nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Bun di day vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Schools in some Swiss valleys teach in Romansh.
nsubj case det amod nmod case obl punct root Schools NOUN in ADP some DET Swiss ADJ valleys NOUN teach VERB in ADP Romansh PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Schools school NOUN Number=Plur 6 teach nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 5 valleys case 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 5 valleys det 4 Swiss Swiss ADJ Degree=Pos 5 valleys amod 5 valleys valley NOUN Number=Plur 1 Schools nmod 6 teach teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 Romansh case 8 Romansh Romansh PROPN Number=Sing 6 teach obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 teach punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other present Schools in some Swiss valleys Romansh vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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