romany
Who acts: member, many, language, Romany language, We, Romani people · What happens: come, spread, live, settle, be, travell · To what, where: travel, India, Europe, settled lives, Romany families, Hindi · Speech: someone speaks here
«romany» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: romany in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
A member of the Romani people (Roma), who came from India long ago and spread through Europe and the world; some travel, many live settled lives.
The tree, 26 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 member | det |
| 2 | member | member | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 came | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 people | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 people | det |
| 5 | Romani | Romani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 people | compound |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 member | nmod |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 Roma | punct |
| 8 | Roma | Roma | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 people | appos |
| 9 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 8 Roma | punct |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 came | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 came | nsubj |
| 12 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 India | case |
| 14 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 came | obl |
| 15 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 ago | advmod |
| 16 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 12 came | advmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 spread | cc |
| 18 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 came | conj |
| 19 | through | through | ADP | _ | 20 Europe | case |
| 20 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 spread | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 world | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 world | det |
| 23 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 Europe | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 travel | punct |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 travel | det |
| 26 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 came | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 live | punct |
| 28 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 live | nsubj |
| 29 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 travel | acl:relcl |
| 30 | settled | settle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 lives | amod |
| 31 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 live | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 came | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | a member of the Romani people | some travel | India | ago property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | spread | past | a member of the Romani people not said here | Europe and the world | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through europe=Location | ||||
| 3 | live | present | many | settled lives | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location | ||||
| 4 | settle | participle | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
Their language, Romani (Romany), which is related to languages of India.
The tree, 11 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 language | nmod:poss |
| 2 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Romani | punct |
| 4 | Romani | Romani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 language | appos |
| 5 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 Romany | punct |
| 6 | Romany | Romany | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Romani | appos |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 Romany | punct |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 related | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 related | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 related | cop |
| 11 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 language | amod |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 languages | case |
| 13 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 related | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 India | case |
| 15 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 languages | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 language | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Their language | to languages of India; related property | tree rules |
Meaning 3
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.
of the Romani people.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 people | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 people | det |
| 3 | Romani | Romani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 people | compound |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 people | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Romany culture, a Romany caravan.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Romany | romany | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 culture | amod |
| 2 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 caravan | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 caravan | det |
| 5 | Romany | romany | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 caravan | amod |
| 6 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 culture | conj |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 culture | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1
Romany families have travelled Europe for hundreds of years.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Romany | romany | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 families | compound |
| 2 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 travelled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 travelled | aux |
| 4 | travelled | travell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 travelled | obj |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 hundreds | case |
| 7 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 travelled | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 years | case |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 hundreds | nmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 travelled | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travell | present · perfect · passive | Romany families | for hundreds of years | tree rules |
Example 2
The Romany language is related to Hindi.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 language | det |
| 2 | Romany | romany | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 language | compound |
| 3 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 related | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 related | cop |
| 5 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 Hindi | case |
| 7 | Hindi | Hindi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 related | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 related | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the Romany language | Hindi | related property | tree rules |
Example 3
We listened to Romany music in class.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 listened | nsubj |
| 2 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 music | case |
| 4 | Romany | Romany | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 music | compound |
| 5 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 listened | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 class | case |
| 7 | class | class | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 listened | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 listened | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | listen | past | We | class | to Romany music | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme |
Example 4
Romani people celebrate International Roma Day on 8 April.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Romani | romani | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 people | compound |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 celebrate | nsubj |
| 3 | celebrate | celebrate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | International | International | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 celebrate | obj |
| 5 | Roma | Roma | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Day | compound |
| 6 | Day | Day | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 International | conj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 8 | case |
| 8 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 celebrate | obl |
| 9 | April | April | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 8 | nmod:unmarked |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 celebrate | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | celebrate | present | Romani people | International and Roma Day | 8 April | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent international=Theme |
Example 5
Her grandmother was a Romany and spoke the language.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 grandmother | nmod:poss |
| 2 | grandmother | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Romany | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 Romany | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 Romany | det |
| 5 | Romany | romany | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 spoke | cc |
| 7 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 Romany | conj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 language | det |
| 9 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spoke | obj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 Romany | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Her grandmother | a Romany | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past | Her grandmother not said here | the language | tree rules |
Example 6
An old Romany caravan stood in the museum.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 caravan | det |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 caravan | amod |
| 3 | Romany | romany | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caravan | compound |
| 4 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stood | nsubj |
| 5 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 museum | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 museum | det |
| 8 | museum | museum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stood | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 stood | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | a old Romany caravan | the museum | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in museum=Location |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/romany/