root Who acts: plant, surface, Roots, family, root, root word · What happens: grow, hold, take, hold in, cause, be · To what, where: ground, place, water, surface, something, 3 · Speech: someone speaks here
«root» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: root in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The part of a plant that grows under the ground, holding it in place and taking in water and minerals.
The tree, 20 words det case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct advcl obj case obl cc conj case obl cc conj punct root The DET part NOUN of ADP a DET plant NOUN that PRON grows VERB under ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT holding VERB it PRON in ADP place NOUN and CCONJ taking VERB in ADP water NOUN and CCONJ minerals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 part det 2 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 plant case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 plant det 5 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 2 part nmod 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 grows nsubj 7 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 plant acl:relcl 8 under under ADP _ 10 ground case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ground det 10 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 7 grows obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 holding punct 12 holding hold VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 grows advcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 holding obj 14 in in ADP _ 15 place case 15 place place NOUN Number=Sing 12 holding obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 taking cc 17 taking take VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 holding conj 18 in in ADP _ 19 water case 19 water water NOUN Number=Sing 17 taking obl 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 minerals cc 21 minerals mineral NOUN Number=Plur 19 water conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present a plant the ground vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under ground=Location 2 hold gerund a plant not said here ground place vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in place=Location 3 take gerund a plant not said here water and minerals vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The part of a tooth or hair under the surface that holds it in.
The tree, 14 words det case det nmod cc conj case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj compound:prt punct root The DET part NOUN of ADP a DET tooth NOUN or CCONJ hair NOUN under ADP the DET surface NOUN that PRON holds VERB it PRON in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 part det 2 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 tooth case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tooth det 5 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 2 part nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 hair cc 7 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 5 tooth conj 8 under under ADP _ 10 surface case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 surface det 10 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 2 part nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 holds nsubj 12 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 surface acl:relcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 holds obj 14 in in ADP _ 12 holds compound:prt 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold in present the surface surface vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 3 The cause or origin of something: the root of the problem.
det cc conj case nmod punct det appos case det nmod punct root The DET cause NOUN or CCONJ origin NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT the DET root NOUN of ADP the DET problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cause det 2 cause cause NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 origin cc 4 origin origin NOUN Number=Sing 2 cause conj 5 of of ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 cause nmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 root punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 root det 9 root root NOUN Number=Sing 6 something appos 10 of of ADP _ 12 problem case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 problem det 12 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 9 root nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause something nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 4 Roots are where a person's family comes from.
nsubj cop det nmod:poss case nsubj advcl:relcl obl punct root Roots NOUN are AUX where ADV a DET person NOUN 's PART family NOUN comes VERB from ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roots root NOUN Number=Plur 3 where nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 where cop 3 where where ADV PronType=Int root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 family nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 person case 7 family family NOUN Number=Sing 8 comes nsubj 8 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 where advcl:relcl 9 from from ADP _ 8 comes obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 where punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Roots where property tree rules 2 come present a person's family vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 In maths, a root of a number, like the square root: the square root of 9 is 3.
The tree, 18 words case obl punct det nsubj case det nmod punct case det amod conj punct det amod appos case nmod cop punct root In ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT a DET root NOUN of ADP a DET number NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET square ADJ root NOUN : PUNCT the DET square ADJ root NOUN of ADP 9 NUM is AUX 3 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 5 root obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 maths punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 root det 5 root root NOUN Number=Sing 21 3 nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 8 number case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 number det 8 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 root nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 root punct 10 like like ADP _ 13 root case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 root det 12 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 13 root amod 13 root root NOUN Number=Sing 5 root conj 14 : : PUNCT _ 17 root punct 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 root det 16 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 17 root amod 17 root root NOUN Number=Sing 13 root appos 18 of of ADP _ 19 9 case 19 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 17 root nmod 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 3 cop 21 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 22 . . PUNCT _ 21 3 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a root of a number and the square root 3 tree rules
Meaning 6 In language, a root word is the main part a longer word is built from.
The tree, 15 words case obl punct det compound nsubj cop det amod det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl obl punct root In ADP language NOUN , PUNCT a DET root NOUN word NOUN is AUX the DET main ADJ part NOUN a DET longer ADJ word NOUN is AUX built VERB from ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 language case 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 10 part obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 language punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 5 root root NOUN Number=Sing 6 word compound 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 part det 9 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 10 part amod 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 word det 12 longer long ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 word amod 13 word word NOUN Number=Sing 15 built nsubj:pass 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 built aux:pass 15 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 part acl:relcl 16 from from ADP _ 15 built obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a root word the main part language tree rules 2 build present · passive the main part not said here a longer word vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Meaning 7 As a verb, to root for a team means to cheer for it; to root around means to search.
The tree, 19 words case det obl punct mark acl:relcl case det obl mark ccomp case obl punct mark nsubj case parataxis mark xcomp punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART root VERB for ADP a DET team NOUN means VERB to PART cheer VERB for ADP it PRON ; PUNCT to PART root NOUN around ADP means VERB to PART search VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 10 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 root punct 5 to to PART _ 6 root mark 6 root root VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 verb acl:relcl 7 for for ADP _ 9 team case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 team det 9 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 root obl 10 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 to to PART _ 12 cheer mark 12 cheer cheer VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 means ccomp 13 for for ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 cheer obl 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 means punct 16 to to PART _ 17 root mark 17 root root NOUN Number=Sing 19 means nsubj 18 around around ADP _ 19 means case 19 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 means parataxis 20 to to PART _ 21 search mark 21 search search VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 means xcomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 root to-infinitive for a team vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for team=Theme 2 mean present as a verb vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 cheer not said to happen to-infinitive for team vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 mean present root vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 search not said to happen to-infinitive root not said here vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
Meaning 8 Rooted means fixed firmly in one place, as if growing there.
nsubj ccomp advmod case nummod obl punct mark mark conj advmod punct root Rooted VERB means VERB fixed VERB firmly ADV in ADP one NUM place NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ if SCONJ growing VERB there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rooted root VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 firmly firmly ADV _ 3 fixed advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 place case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 place nummod 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing 3 fixed obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 growing punct 9 as as SCONJ _ 11 growing mark 10 if if SCONJ _ 11 growing mark 11 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means conj 12 there there ADV PronType=Dem 11 growing advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 root participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 fix participle one place firmly property vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 grow a condition, not said to happen gerund there vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Roots take in water from the soil.
nsubj compound:prt obj case det obl punct root Roots NOUN take VERB in ADP water NOUN from ADP the DET soil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roots root NOUN Number=Plur 2 take nsubj 2 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 2 take compound:prt 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 take obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 soil case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 soil det 7 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 2 take obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in present Roots water the soil vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from soil=Initial_Location
Example 2 A carrot is a root we can eat.
det nsubj cop det nsubj aux acl:relcl punct root A DET carrot NOUN is AUX a DET root NOUN we PRON can AUX eat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 carrot det 2 carrot carrot NOUN Number=Sing 5 root nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 root cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 root det 5 root root NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 eat nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 eat aux 8 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 root acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 root punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a carrot a root tree rules 2 eat can we a root not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient
Example 3 The square root of 25 is 5.
det amod nsubj case nmod cop punct root The DET square ADJ root NOUN of ADP 25 NUM is AUX 5 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 root det 2 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 3 root amod 3 root root NOUN Number=Sing 7 5 nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 25 case 5 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 root nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 5 cop 7 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 5 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the square root of 25 5 tree rules
Example 4 "Play" is the root word of "playful".
punct nsubj punct cop det compound case punct nmod punct punct root " PUNCT Play NOUN " PUNCT is AUX the DET root NOUN word NOUN of ADP " PUNCT playful ADJ " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Play punct 2 Play play NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nsubj 3 " " PUNCT _ 2 Play punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 word cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 word det 6 root root NOUN Number=Sing 7 word compound 7 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 playful case 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 playful punct 10 playful playful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word nmod 11 " " PUNCT _ 10 playful punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Play the root word of playful tree rules
Example 5 We root for our school team every match.
nsubj case nmod:poss compound obl det obl:unmarked punct root We PRON root VERB for ADP our PRON school NOUN team NOUN every DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 root nsubj 2 root root VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 6 team case 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 team nmod:poss 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 team compound 6 team team NOUN Number=Sing 2 root obl 7 every every DET PronType=Tot 8 match det 8 match match NOUN Number=Sing 2 root obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 root punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 root present We every match for our school team vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for team=Theme
Example 6 The dog rooted around in the bin.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET dog NOUN rooted VERB around ADV in ADP the DET bin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 rooted nsubj 3 rooted root VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 around around ADV _ 3 rooted advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 bin case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bin det 7 bin bin NOUN Number=Sing 3 rooted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 rooted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 root around past the dog the bin around property vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in bin=Location
Example 7 The tree's roots cracked the pavement.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj punct root The DET tree NOUN 's PART roots NOUN cracked VERB the DET pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tree det 2 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 roots nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 tree case 4 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 5 cracked nsubj 5 cracked crack VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pavement det 7 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 5 cracked obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 cracked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack past the tree's roots the pavement vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pavement=Theme
Example 8 Money was the root of the argument.
nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root Money NOUN was AUX the DET root NOUN of ADP the DET argument NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 root nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 root cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 root det 4 root root NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 argument case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 argument det 7 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 4 root nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 root punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Money the root of the argument tree rules
Example 9 It seemed to be rooted into the ground.
nsubj mark aux:pass xcomp case det obl punct root It PRON seemed VERB to PART be AUX rooted VERB into ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 seemed nsubj 2 seemed seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 5 rooted mark 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 rooted aux:pass 5 rooted root VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 seemed xcomp 6 into into ADP _ 8 ground case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ground det 8 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 5 rooted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 seemed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem past It vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 2 root to-infinitive · passive the ground vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: into ground=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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