roots Who acts: Roots, plant, parts, you, number, Tree roots · What happens: be, grow, hold, take in, come, multiply · To what, where: parts, ground, plant, place, water, hair · Speech: someone speaks here
«roots» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: roots in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Roots are the parts of a plant that grow under the ground; they hold the plant in place and take in water and minerals.
The tree, 24 words nsubj cop det case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct nsubj parataxis det obj case obl cc conj compound:prt obj cc conj punct root Roots NOUN are AUX the DET parts NOUN of ADP a DET plant NOUN that PRON grow VERB under ADP the DET ground NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON hold VERB the DET plant NOUN in ADP place NOUN and CCONJ take VERB in ADP water NOUN and CCONJ minerals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roots root NOUN Number=Plur 4 parts nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 parts cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 parts det 4 parts part NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 plant case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 plant det 7 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 4 parts nmod 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 grow nsubj 9 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 plant acl:relcl 10 under under ADP _ 12 ground case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ground det 12 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 9 grow obl 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 hold punct 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 hold nsubj 15 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 parts parataxis 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 plant det 17 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 15 hold obj 18 in in ADP _ 19 place case 19 place place NOUN Number=Sing 15 hold obl 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 take cc 21 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 hold conj 22 in in ADP _ 21 take compound:prt 23 water water NOUN Number=Sing 21 take obj 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 minerals cc 25 minerals mineral NOUN Number=Plur 23 water conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 parts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Roots the parts of a plant tree rules 2 grow present a plant the ground vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under ground=Location 3 hold present Roots = root the plant place vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plant=Theme in place=Location 4 take in present Roots = root not said here water and minerals vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The roots of a tooth or hair are the parts that hold it in the body.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj case det nmod cc conj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj case det obl punct root The DET roots NOUN of ADP a DET tooth NOUN or CCONJ hair NOUN are AUX the DET parts NOUN that PRON hold VERB it PRON in ADP the DET body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 roots det 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 10 parts nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 tooth case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tooth det 5 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 2 roots nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 hair cc 7 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 5 tooth conj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 parts cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 parts det 10 parts part NOUN Number=Plur root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 hold nsubj 12 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 parts acl:relcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 hold obj 14 in in ADP _ 16 body case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 body det 16 body body NOUN Number=Sing 12 hold obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 parts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the roots of a tooth or hair the parts tree rules 2 hold present the parts hair the body vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in body=Location
Meaning 3 Your roots are the place and family you come from.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj parataxis obl punct root Your PRON roots NOUN are AUX the DET place NOUN and CCONJ family NOUN you PRON come VERB from ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 roots nmod:poss 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 5 place nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 family cc 7 family family NOUN Number=Sing 5 place conj 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 come nsubj 9 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place parataxis 10 from from ADP _ 9 come obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your roots the place and family tree rules 2 come present you vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 The roots of a problem are where it starts.
det nsubj case det nmod cop advmod nsubj punct root The DET roots NOUN of ADP a DET problem NOUN are AUX where ADV it PRON starts VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 roots det 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 9 starts nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 problem case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 problem det 5 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 roots nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 starts cop 7 where where ADV PronType=Rel 9 starts advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 starts nsubj 9 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 starts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the roots of a problem start property tree rules
Meaning 5 In maths, a root of a number, like the square root, is a number that multiplies by itself to give that number.
The tree, 22 words case obl punct det appos case det nmod punct case det amod appos punct cop det nsubj acl:relcl case obl mark advcl det obj punct root In ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT a DET root NOUN of ADP a DET number NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET square ADJ root NOUN , PUNCT is AUX a DET number NOUN that PRON multiplies VERB by ADP itself PRON to PART give VERB that DET number NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 17 number obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 root punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 root det 5 root root NOUN Number=Sing 2 maths appos 6 of of ADP _ 8 number case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 number det 8 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 root nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 root punct 10 like like ADP _ 13 root case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 root det 12 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 13 root amod 13 root root NOUN Number=Sing 8 number appos 14 , , PUNCT _ 2 maths punct 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 number cop 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 number det 17 number number NOUN Number=Sing root root 18 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 multiplies nsubj 19 multiplies multiply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 number acl:relcl 20 by by ADP _ 21 itself case 21 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 19 multiplies obl 22 to to PART _ 23 give mark 23 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 multiplies advcl 24 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 25 number det 25 number number NOUN Number=Sing 23 give obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 17 number punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a number maths tree rules 2 multiply present a number by number vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by itself=Co-Theme 3 give to-infinitive a number not said here that number vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme
Example 1 The roots take in water from the soil.
det nsubj compound:prt obj case det obl punct root The DET roots NOUN take VERB in ADP water NOUN from ADP the DET soil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 roots det 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 3 take nsubj 3 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 3 take compound:prt 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 soil case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 soil det 8 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in present the roots water the soil vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from soil=Initial_Location
Example 2 Tree roots lifted up the pavement.
compound acl compound:prt det obj punct root Tree NOUN roots NOUN lifted VERB up ADP the DET pavement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 roots compound 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 lifted lift VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 roots acl 4 up up ADP _ 3 lifted compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pavement det 6 pavement pavement NOUN Number=Sing 3 lifted obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 roots punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lift up participle Tree roots not said here the pavement vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pavement=Theme
Example 3 Carrots are roots that we eat.
nsubj cop obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Carrots NOUN are AUX roots NOUN that PRON we PRON eat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Carrots carrot NOUN Number=Plur 3 roots nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 roots cop 3 roots root NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 eat obj 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 eat nsubj 6 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 roots acl:relcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 roots punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Carrots roots tree rules 2 eat present we roots vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient
Example 4 My family has roots in Scotland.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case nmod punct root My PRON family NOUN has VERB roots NOUN in ADP Scotland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 family nmod:poss 2 family family NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 Scotland case 6 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 4 roots nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My family roots Scotland vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient
Example 5 «Kind» is the root word of «kindness».
punct nsubj punct cop det compound case punct nmod punct punct root « PUNCT Kind ADJ » PUNCT is AUX the DET root NOUN word NOUN of ADP « PUNCT kindness NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Kind punct 2 Kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Kind punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 word cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 word det 6 root root NOUN Number=Sing 7 word compound 7 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 kindness case 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 kindness punct 10 kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nmod 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 kindness punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Kind the root word of kindness tree rules
Example 6 The square root of 16 is 4.
det amod nsubj case nmod cop punct root The DET square ADJ root NOUN of ADP 16 NUM is AUX 4 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 root det 2 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 3 root amod 3 root root NOUN Number=Sing 7 4 nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 16 case 5 16 16 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 root nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 4 cop 7 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 4 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the square root of 16 4 tree rules
Example 7 The dentist said the tooth's root was healthy.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case nsubj cop ccomp punct root The DET dentist NOUN said VERB the DET tooth NOUN 's PART root NOUN was AUX healthy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dentist det 2 dentist dentist NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tooth det 5 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 7 root nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 tooth case 7 root root NOUN Number=Sing 9 healthy nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 healthy cop 9 healthy healthy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the dentist vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past the tooth's root healthy property tree rules
Example 8 We need to find the roots of the problem.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj case det nmod punct root We PRON need VERB to PART find VERB the DET roots NOUN of ADP the DET problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 need nsubj 2 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 find mark 4 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 need xcomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 roots det 6 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 4 find obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 problem case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 problem det 9 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 6 roots nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present We vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 find not said to happen to-infinitive We not said here the roots of the problem vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Topic
Example 9 Meet here beneath this ash-tree's roots.
advmod case det compound punct nmod:poss case obl punct root Meet VERB here ADV beneath ADP this DET ash NOUN - PUNCT tree NOUN 's PART roots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Meet meet VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 here here ADV PronType=Dem 1 Meet advmod 3 beneath beneath ADP _ 9 roots case 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 tree det 5 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 7 tree compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 ash punct 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 roots nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 tree case 9 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 1 Meet obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Meet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 meet imperative you not said here here beneath this ash tree's roots vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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