rubble

Who acts: building, old factory, many cities, Builders, dog · What happens: leave, fall down, knock down, break, use, fill · To what, where: broken stones, gaps, base, houses, Rescuers, rubble

«rubble» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rubble in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Broken pieces of stone, brick and concrete left when a building falls down or is knocked down.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Broken	broken	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pieces	amod
2	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 stone	case
4	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pieces	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 brick	punct
6	brick	brick	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pieces	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 concrete	cc
8	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pieces	conj
9	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 falls	advcl
10	when	when	SCONJ	_	13 falls	mark
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 building	det
12	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 falls	nsubj
13	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pieces	parataxis
14	down	down	ADP	_	13 falls	compound:prt
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 knocked	cc
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 knocked	aux:pass
17	knocked	knock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 falls	conj
18	down	down	ADP	_	17 knocked	compound:prt
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pieces	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	leave	participle	a building not said here	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fall down	present	a building	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	knock down	present · passive	a building not said here	vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Rough broken stones used to fill gaps or make a base for a path or wall.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rough	rough	ADV	_	3 stones	advmod
2	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 stones	amod
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 stones	acl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fill	mark
6	fill	fill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	xcomp
7	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fill	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 make	cc
9	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 fill	conj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 base	det
11	base	base	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 make	obj
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 path	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 path	det
14	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 make	obl
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 wall	cc
16	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 path	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stones	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	break	participle			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	use	participle	broken stones not said here		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	fill	to-infinitive	gaps		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gap=Patient
4	make	infinitive	a base	for a path or wall	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent base=Product for path=Asset

Example 1

After the earthquake, houses were reduced to rubble.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 earthquake	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 earthquake	det
3	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reduced	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 earthquake	punct
5	houses	house	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 reduced	nsubj:pass
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 reduced	aux:pass
7	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 rubble	mark
9	rubble	rubble	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 reduced	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 reduced	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	past · passive		houses			after the earthquake		vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Goal
2	rubble	to-infinitive							tree rules

Example 2

Rescuers dug through the rubble to find survivors.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rescuers	rescuer	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Rescuers	acl
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 rubble	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rubble	det
5	rubble	rubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dug	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 find	mark
7	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 dug	advcl
8	survivors	survivor	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 find	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Rescuers	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	participle		Rescuers not said here		the rubble			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent through rubble=Location
2	find	to-infinitive		survivors					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent survivor=Topic

Example 3

The old factory is now just a pile of rubble.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 factory	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 factory	amod
3	factory	factory	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pile	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 pile	cop
5	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 pile	advmod
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 pile	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 pile	det
8	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 rubble	case
10	rubble	rubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pile	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 pile	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the old factory	a pile			now	of rubble	tree rules

Example 4

During the war, many cities were full of rubble.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	During	during	ADP	_	3 war	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 war	det
3	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 full	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 war	punct
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cities	amod
6	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 full	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 full	cop
8	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 rubble	case
10	rubble	rubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 full	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 full	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	many cities				during the war	of rubble; full property	tree rules

Example 5

Builders used rubble to fill the hole.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rubble	rubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 fill	mark
5	fill	fill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 used	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hole	det
7	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fill	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	Builders	rubble					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubble=Patient
2	fill	to-infinitive	Builders not said here	the hole					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hole=Patient

Example 6

The dog sniffed the rubble for people trapped inside.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sniffed	nsubj
3	sniffed	sniff	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rubble	det
5	rubble	rubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sniffed	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 people	case
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sniffed	obl
8	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 people	acl
9	inside	inside	ADV	_	8 trapped	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sniffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sniff	past	the dog	the rubble				for people	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubble=Theme
2	trap	participle		people not said here				inside property	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rubble/