ruby Who acts: ruby, ruby wedding anniversary, queen, ring, Dorothy, Rubies · What happens: be, use, sparkle, crown, have, paint · To what, where: precious stone, rings, deep rich red colour, name, programming language, 40th one
«ruby» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ruby in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ruby is a precious stone with a deep red colour, used in rings and necklaces.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod case det amod amod nmod punct conj case obl cc conj punct root A DET ruby NOUN is AUX a DET precious ADJ stone NOUN with ADP a DET deep ADJ red ADJ colour NOUN , PUNCT used VERB in ADP rings NOUN and CCONJ necklaces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ruby det 2 ruby ruby NOUN Number=Sing 6 stone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stone cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stone det 5 precious precious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stone amod 6 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 11 colour case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 colour det 9 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 11 colour amod 10 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 11 colour amod 11 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 6 stone nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 used punct 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 stone conj 14 in in ADP _ 15 rings case 15 rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 13 used obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 necklaces cc 17 necklaces necklace NOUN Number=Plur 15 rings conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 stone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ruby a precious stone with a deep red colour tree rules 2 use participle a ruby not said here rings and necklaces vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ruby, or ruby-red, is a deep, rich red colour.
The tree, 10 words nsubj punct cc compound punct acl:relcl punct cop det amod punct amod amod punct root Ruby PROPN , PUNCT or CCONJ ruby NOUN - PUNCT red ADJ , PUNCT is AUX a DET deep ADJ , PUNCT rich ADJ red ADJ colour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 14 colour nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 6 red punct 3 or or CCONJ _ 6 red cc 4 ruby ruby NOUN Number=Sing 6 red compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 ruby punct 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Ruby acl:relcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 1 Ruby punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 colour cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 colour det 10 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 14 colour amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 deep punct 12 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 14 colour amod 13 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 14 colour amod 14 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 . . PUNCT _ 14 colour punct
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1 is a present Ruby a deep rich red colour tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Ruby is a girl's name.
nsubj cop det nmod:poss case punct root Ruby PROPN is AUX a DET girl NOUN 's PART name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 6 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 name cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 girl det 4 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 6 name nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 girl case 6 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 name punct
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1 is a present Ruby a girl's name tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.
Ruby is a programming language.
nsubj cop det compound punct root Ruby PROPN is AUX a DET programming NOUN language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 5 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 language cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 language det 4 programming programming NOUN Number=Sing 5 language compound 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 language punct
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1 is a present Ruby a programming language tree rules
Meaning 5 A ruby wedding anniversary is the 40th one.
det compound compound nsubj cop det amod punct root A DET ruby NOUN wedding NOUN anniversary NOUN is AUX the DET 40th ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 anniversary det 2 ruby ruby NOUN Number=Sing 4 anniversary compound 3 wedding wedding NOUN Number=Sing 4 anniversary compound 4 anniversary anniversary NOUN Number=Sing 8 one nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 one cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 one det 7 40th 40th ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord 8 one amod 8 one one NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 one punct
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1 is a present a ruby wedding anniversary the 40th one tree rules
Example 1 The queen's crown sparkled with rubies and diamonds.
det nmod:poss case acl case obl cc conj punct root The DET queen NOUN 's PART crown NOUN sparkled VERB with ADP rubies NOUN and CCONJ diamonds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 queen det 2 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 4 crown nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 queen case 4 crown crown NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 sparkled sparkle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 crown acl 6 with with ADP _ 7 rubies case 7 rubies ruby NOUN Number=Plur 5 sparkled obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 diamonds cc 9 diamonds diamond NOUN Number=Plur 7 rubies conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 crown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sparkle participle the queen's crown not said here with rubies and diamonds vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with ruby=Theme 2 crown the queen nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Mum's ring has a small ruby in the middle.
nmod:poss case nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root Mum NOUN 's PART ring NOUN has VERB a DET small ADJ ruby NOUN in ADP the DET middle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 ring nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Mum case 3 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 ruby det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 ruby amod 7 ruby ruby NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 middle case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 middle det 10 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 7 ruby nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Mum's ring a small ruby the middle vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruby=Patient
Example 3 Her lips were painted ruby red.
nmod:poss nsubj aux:pass xcomp xcomp punct root Her PRON lips NOUN were AUX painted VERB ruby ADJ red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 lips nmod:poss 2 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 4 painted nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 painted aux:pass 4 painted paint VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 ruby ruby ADJ Degree=Pos 4 painted xcomp 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 4 painted xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 painted punct
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1 paint past · passive Her lips red, ruby property vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination
Example 4 Dorothy clicked the heels of her ruby slippers.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root Dorothy PROPN clicked VERB the DET heels NOUN of ADP her PRON ruby NOUN slippers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dorothy Dorothy PROPN Number=Sing 2 clicked nsubj 2 clicked click VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 heels det 4 heels heel NOUN Number=Plur 2 clicked obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 slippers case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 slippers nmod:poss 7 ruby ruby NOUN Number=Sing 8 slippers compound 8 slippers slipper NOUN Number=Plur 4 heels nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 clicked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 click past Dorothy the heels of Dorothy's ruby slippers vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location heel=Theme
Example 5 Rubies are very hard; only diamonds are much harder.
nsubj cop advmod punct advmod nsubj cop advmod conj punct root Rubies NOUN are AUX very ADV hard ADJ ; PUNCT only ADV diamonds NOUN are AUX much ADV harder ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubies ruby NOUN Number=Plur 4 hard nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hard cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 hard advmod 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 harder punct 6 only only ADV _ 7 diamonds advmod 7 diamonds diamond NOUN Number=Plur 10 harder nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 harder cop 9 much much ADV _ 10 harder advmod 10 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 hard conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 hard punct
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1 is present Rubies hard property tree rules 2 is present diamonds hard property tree rules
Example 6 My friend Ruby lives next door.
nmod:poss nsubj appos amod obj punct root My PRON friend NOUN Ruby PROPN lives VERB next ADJ door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 lives nsubj 3 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 2 friend appos 4 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 6 door amod 6 door door NOUN Number=Sing 4 lives obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 lives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present My friend next door vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme door=Location
Example 7 Grandma and Grandpa celebrated their ruby wedding — 40 years!
nsubj cc conj nmod:poss compound obj punct nummod obl:unmarked punct root Grandma NOUN and CCONJ Grandpa PROPN celebrated VERB their PRON ruby NOUN wedding NOUN — PUNCT 40 NUM years NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 4 celebrated nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 Grandpa cc 3 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 1 Grandma conj 4 celebrated celebrate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 wedding nmod:poss 6 ruby ruby NOUN Number=Sing 7 wedding compound 7 wedding wedding NOUN Number=Sing 4 celebrated obj 8 — - PUNCT _ 9 40 punct 9 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 years nummod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 4 celebrated obl:unmarked 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 celebrated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 celebrate past Grandma and Grandpa Grandma's ruby wedding year vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wedding=Theme 2 wed Grandma nom wedding «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Rubies are dug out of the ground and then cut and polished.
nsubj aux:pass case case det obl cc advmod conj cc conj punct root Rubies NOUN are AUX dug VERB out ADP of ADP the DET ground NOUN and CCONJ then ADV cut VERB and CCONJ polished VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rubies ruby NOUN Number=Plur 3 dug nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 dug aux:pass 3 dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 out out ADP _ 7 ground case 5 of of ADP _ 7 ground case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ground det 7 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 cut cc 9 then then ADV PronType=Dem 10 cut advmod 10 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 dug conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 polished cc 12 polished polish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 cut conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig out present · passive Rubies the ground vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary ground=Result 2 cut participle then vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 polish participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
Example 9 The princess herself had a snow-white steed, decked with diamonds and rubies.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj nsubj det obl punct amod obj punct acl case obl cc conj punct root The DET princess NOUN herself PRON had VERB a DET snow NOUN - PUNCT white ADJ steed NOUN , PUNCT decked VERB with ADP diamonds NOUN and CCONJ rubies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 princess det 2 princess princess NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 3 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 steed det 6 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 8 white obl 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 snow punct 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 steed amod 9 steed steed NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 decked punct 11 decked deck VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 steed acl 12 with with ADP _ 13 diamonds case 13 diamonds diamond NOUN Number=Plur 11 decked obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 rubies cc 15 rubies ruby NOUN Number=Plur 13 diamonds conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
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1 have past the princess a white steed vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steed=Patient 2 deck participle a white steed not said here with diamonds and rubies vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with diamond=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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