rudimentary

Who acts: cavemen, I, They, wings, first computers, snakes · What happens: not develop, know, have, use, build, not be · To what, where: first simplest parts, that, rudimentary stone tools, rudimentary knowledge, rudimentary shelter, branches

«rudimentary» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rudimentary in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Very simple and basic, not developed much.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Very	very	ADV	_	2 simple	advmod
2	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 basic	cc
4	basic	basic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 simple	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 developed	punct
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 developed	advmod
7	developed	develop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 simple	conj
8	much	much	ADV	_	7 developed	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 simple	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not develop	participle							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Knowing only the first, simplest parts of something: «rudimentary French».

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Knowing	know	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	only	only	ADV	_	7 parts	advmod
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 parts	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 parts	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 parts	punct
6	simplest	simple	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 parts	amod
7	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Knowing	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 something	case
9	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 parts	appos
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 French	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 French	punct
12	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 French	amod
13	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 something	appos
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 French	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Knowing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	gerund		the first simplest parts					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer part=Stimulus

Meaning 3

Usage: biology — kept apart, not parsed.

Small and not fully developed, such as a part of a body that no longer has much use.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 part	amod
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 developed	cc
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 developed	advmod
4	fully	fully	ADV	_	5 developed	advmod
5	developed	develop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Small	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 part	punct
7	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 part	case
8	as	as	ADP	_	7 such	fixed
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 part	det
10	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 body	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 body	det
13	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 part	nmod
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 has	obj
15	no	no	ADV	_	16 longer	advmod
16	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	17 has	advmod
17	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 part	parataxis
18	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 use	amod
19	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 has	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not develop	participle						fully property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	present		that				long property	tree rules

Example 1

The cavemen used rudimentary stone tools.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cavemen	det
2	cavemen	caveman	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	nsubj
3	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 tools	amod
5	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tools	compound
6	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	the cavemen	rudimentary stone tools					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient

Example 2

I only have a rudimentary knowledge of French.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 have	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 have	advmod
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 knowledge	det
5	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 knowledge	amod
6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 have	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 French	case
8	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 knowledge	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	I	a rudimentary knowledge of French					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Patient

Example 3

They built a rudimentary shelter from branches.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 built	nsubj
2	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 shelter	det
4	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 shelter	amod
5	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 branches	case
7	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 built	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	They	a rudimentary shelter		branches			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset shelter=Product from branch=Material

Example 4

Penguins' wings are not rudimentary; they use them to swim.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wings	nmod:poss
2	'	's	PART	_	1 Penguins	case
3	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 rudimentary	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rudimentary	cop
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 rudimentary	advmod
6	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 use	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 use	nsubj
9	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rudimentary	parataxis
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 use	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 swim	mark
12	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 use	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 rudimentary	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not is	present	Penguins's wings		rudimentary property	tree rules
2	use	present	wings = wing	Penguins = penguin		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	swim	to-infinitive	wings = wing not said here			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

The first computers were rudimentary compared with phones today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 computers	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 computers	amod
3	computers	computer	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rudimentary	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 rudimentary	cop
5	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	compared	compare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 rudimentary	advcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 phones	case
8	phones	phone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 compared	obl
9	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 compared	obl:unmarked
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 rudimentary	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the first computers					rudimentary property	tree rules
2	compare	participle	the first computers not said here				today	with phones	vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with phone=Co-Patient

Example 6

Some snakes have rudimentary back legs, tiny bumps inside the body.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 snakes	det
2	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 legs	amod
5	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 legs	compound
6	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bumps	punct
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bumps	amod
9	bumps	bump	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 legs	conj
10	inside	inside	ADP	_	12 body	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 body	det
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bumps	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	some snakes	rudimentary back legs and tiny bumps inside the body					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rudimentary/