rumour Who acts: rumour, people, nobody, school, we, you · What happens: be, pass, not be, not check, rumour, mean · To what, where: story, news, it, new teacher, rumours, rumour · Speech: someone speaks here
«rumour» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rumour in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A rumour is a story or piece of news that people pass from one to another, which may not be true and has not been checked.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det cc conj case nmod obj nsubj acl:relcl case obj case nmod punct nsubj aux advmod cop parataxis cc aux advmod aux:pass conj punct root A DET rumour NOUN is AUX a DET story NOUN or CCONJ piece NOUN of ADP news NOUN that PRON people NOUN pass VERB from ADP one NUM to ADP another DET , PUNCT which PRON may AUX not PART be AUX true ADJ and CCONJ has AUX not PART been AUX checked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 rumour det 2 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 5 story nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 story cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 story det 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 piece cc 7 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 5 story conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 news case 9 news news NOUN Number=Sing 5 story nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 pass obj 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 pass nsubj 12 pass pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 news acl:relcl 13 from from ADP _ 14 one case 14 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 pass obj 15 to to ADP _ 16 another case 16 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 one nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 22 true punct 18 which which PRON PronType=Rel 22 true nsubj 19 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 true aux 20 not not PART Polarity=Neg 22 true advmod 21 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 22 true cop 22 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 14 one parataxis 23 and and CCONJ _ 27 checked cc 24 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 checked aux 25 not not PART Polarity=Neg 27 checked advmod 26 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 27 checked aux:pass 27 checked check VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 22 true conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 story punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a rumour a story or piece of news tree rules 2 pass present people news vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent that=Recipient one=Theme 3 not is may true property tree rules 4 not check present · perfect · passive vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To be rumoured means people say it but nobody is sure.
mark aux:pass nsubj nsubj ccomp obj cc nsubj cop conj punct root To PART be AUX rumoured VERB means VERB people NOUN say VERB it PRON but CCONJ nobody PRON is AUX sure ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 rumoured mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 rumoured aux:pass 3 rumoured rumour VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 say nsubj 6 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 means ccomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 say obj 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 sure cc 9 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 11 sure nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sure cop 11 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 6 say conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rumour to-infinitive · passive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert present people it vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic 4 is present nobody sure property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
It is rumoured that school will close.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark nsubj aux advcl punct root It PRON is AUX rumoured VERB that SCONJ school NOUN will AUX close VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rumoured nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rumoured aux:pass 3 rumoured rumour VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 close mark 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 close nsubj 6 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 close aux 7 close close VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 rumoured advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 rumoured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rumour present · passive It tree rules 2 close future school vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 There is a rumour that we have a new teacher.
expl det nsubj mark nsubj acl det amod obj punct root There PRON is VERB a DET rumour NOUN that SCONJ we PRON have VERB a DET new ADJ teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 rumour det 4 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 that that SCONJ _ 7 have mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 rumour acl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 teacher det 9 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 teacher amod 10 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 have obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a rumour there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 have present we a new teacher vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Patient
Example 2 Do not spread rumours about other people.
aux advmod obj case amod nmod punct root Do AUX not PART spread VERB rumours NOUN about ADP other ADJ people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 spread aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 spread advmod 3 spread spread VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 rumours rumour NOUN Number=Plur 3 spread obj 5 about about ADP _ 7 people case 6 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 people amod 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 rumours nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not spread imperative · do-support you not said here rumours about other people vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rumour=Theme about people=Destination
Example 3 It was only a rumour, it was not true.
nsubj cop advmod det punct nsubj cop advmod conj punct root It PRON was AUX only ADV a DET rumour NOUN , PUNCT it PRON was AUX not PART true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 rumour nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 rumour cop 3 only only ADV _ 5 rumour advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 rumour det 5 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 true punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 true nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 true cop 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 true advmod 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rumour conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 rumour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a rumour tree rules 2 not is past rumour true property tree rules
Example 4 Who started that rumour?
nsubj mark advcl punct root Who PRON started VERB that SCONJ rumour NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 2 started nsubj 2 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 4 rumour mark 4 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 2 started advcl 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start past vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 The rumour spread around the playground by lunchtime.
det nsubj case det obl case obl punct root The DET rumour NOUN spread VERB around ADP the DET playground NOUN by ADP lunchtime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rumour det 2 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread nsubj 3 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 around around ADP _ 6 playground case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 playground det 6 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread obl 7 by by ADP _ 8 lunchtime case 8 lunchtime lunchtime NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread past the rumour the playground by lunchtime vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around playground=Location
Example 6 Rumours can be very hurtful.
nsubj aux cop advmod punct root Rumours NOUN can AUX be AUX very ADV hurtful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rumours rumour NOUN Number=Plur 5 hurtful nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 hurtful aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 hurtful cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 hurtful advmod 5 hurtful hurtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 hurtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can Rumours hurtful property tree rules
Example 7 It is rumoured that the old house is haunted.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root It PRON is AUX rumoured VERB that SCONJ the DET old ADJ house NOUN is AUX haunted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rumoured nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rumoured aux:pass 3 rumoured rumour VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 9 haunted mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 house det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 house amod 7 house house NOUN Number=Sing 9 haunted nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 haunted aux:pass 9 haunted haunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 rumoured advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rumoured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rumour present · passive It tree rules 2 haunt present · passive the old house vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
Example 8 Check the facts before you believe a rumour.
det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Check VERB the DET facts NOUN before SCONJ you PRON believe VERB a DET rumour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 facts det 3 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 1 Check obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 believe mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 believe nsubj 6 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Check advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 rumour det 8 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 6 believe obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here the facts vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme 2 believe present you a rumour vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rumour=Stimulus
Example 9 Then, one day, a rumour reached the king that a large army was marching against him.
The tree, 16 words advmod punct nummod obl:unmarked punct det nsubj det obj obj det amod nsubj aux acl:relcl case obl punct root Then ADV , PUNCT one NUM day NOUN , PUNCT a DET rumour NOUN reached VERB the DET king NOUN that PRON a DET large ADJ army NOUN was AUX marching VERB against ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 8 reached advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Then punct 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 day nummod 4 day day NOUN Number=Sing 8 reached obl:unmarked 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 day punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 rumour det 7 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 8 reached nsubj 8 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 king det 10 king king NOUN Number=Sing 8 reached obj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 marching obj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 army det 13 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 14 army amod 14 army army NOUN Number=Sing 16 marching nsubj 15 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 marching aux 16 marching march VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 king acl:relcl 17 against against ADP _ 18 him case 18 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 marching obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach past a rumour the king then; day vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent king=Theme 2 march past · progressive a large army the king against rumour vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent that=Theme against he=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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