running Who acts: activity, He, you, engine, She, pool · What happens: move, run, flow, work, operate, manage · To what, where: feet, shop, race, hands, running water, running nose · Speech: someone speaks here
«running» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: running in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Moving fast on your feet.
advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root Moving VERB fast ADV on ADP your PRON feet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 1 Moving advmod 3 on on ADP _ 5 feet case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 feet nmod:poss 5 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 1 Moving obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Moving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move gerund your feet fast property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on foot=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"He is running."
punct nsubj aux punct punct root " PUNCT He PRON is AUX running VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 running punct 2 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 running nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 running aux 4 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 running punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 4 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote present · progressive He vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 2 The sport or activity of running.
det cc conj mark acl punct root The DET sport NOUN or CCONJ activity NOUN of SCONJ running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sport det 2 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 activity cc 4 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing 2 sport conj 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 running mark 6 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 activity acl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sport punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run gerund activity not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Running keeps you fit."
punct nsubj nsubj ccomp punct punct root " PUNCT Running VERB keeps VERB you PRON fit VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 keeps punct 2 Running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 keeps nsubj 3 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 fit nsubj 5 fit fit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 keeps ccomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 keeps punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 keep in a quote present tree rules 3 fit in a quote present you vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Flowing.
punct root Flowing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Flowing flow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 . . PUNCT _ 1 Flowing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"running water".
punct amod punct punct root " PUNCT running VERB water NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 water punct 2 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 water amod 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 water punct 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 water punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 Working or operating.
cc conj punct root Working VERB or CCONJ operating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 operating cc 3 operating operate VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Working conj 4 . . PUNCT _ 1 Working punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 operate gerund vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The engine is running."
punct det nsubj aux punct punct root " PUNCT The DET engine NOUN is AUX running VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 running punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 engine det 3 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 5 running nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 running aux 5 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 running punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote present · progressive the engine vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 In a row, one after another.
case det punct appos case nmod punct root In ADP a DET row NOUN , PUNCT one NUM after ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 row case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 row det 3 row row NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 one punct 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 row appos 6 after after ADP _ 7 another case 7 another another DET PronType=Ind 5 one nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 row punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"three days running".
punct nummod obl:unmarked punct punct root " PUNCT three NUM days NOUN running VERB " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 running punct 2 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 days nummod 3 days day NOUN Number=Plur 4 running obl:unmarked 4 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 running punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote gerund day vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 6 Managing.
punct root Managing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Managing manage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 . . PUNCT _ 1 Managing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 manage gerund vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"running a shop".
punct det obj punct punct root " PUNCT running VERB a DET shop NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 running punct 2 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 shop det 4 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 2 running obj 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 running punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote gerund a shop vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shop=Trajectory
Example 1 She is running in the race.
nsubj aux case det obl punct root She PRON is AUX running VERB in ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 running nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 running aux 3 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 race case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 race det 6 race race NOUN Number=Sing 3 running obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · progressive She the race vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in race=Trajectory
Example 2 No running by the pool!
det case det nmod punct root No DET running NOUN by ADP the DET pool NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 running det 2 running running NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 by by ADP _ 5 pool case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pool det 5 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 2 running nmod 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run the pool nom running «act intransitive»: by=agent
Example 3 Running is good for your heart.
nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root Running VERB is AUX good ADJ for ADP your PRON heart NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 good nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 good cop 3 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 heart case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 heart nmod:poss 6 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 good obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 good punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present for your heart; good property tree rules
Example 4 Wash your hands under running water.
nmod:poss obj case amod obl punct root Wash VERB your PRON hands NOUN under ADP running VERB water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wash obj 4 under under ADP _ 6 water case 5 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 water amod 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wash obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here your hands running water vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient 2 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 I have a running nose.
nsubj det compound obj punct root I PRON have VERB a DET running NOUN nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 nose det 4 running running NOUN Number=Sing 5 nose compound 5 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a running nose vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient
Example 6 We won three games running.
nsubj nummod obj acl punct root We PRON won VERB three NUM games NOUN running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 won nsubj 2 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 games nummod 4 games game NOUN Number=Plur 2 won obj 5 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 games acl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past We three games vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality 2 run gerund three games not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Keep a running total of the points.
det amod obj case det nmod punct root Keep VERB a DET running VERB total NOUN of ADP the DET points NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 total det 3 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 total amod 4 total total NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 points case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 points det 7 points point NOUN Number=Plur 4 total nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here a running total of the points vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent total=Theme 2 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Is the engine still running?
cop det csubj advmod punct root Is AUX the DET engine NOUN still ADV running VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 engine cop 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 engine det 3 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 5 running csubj 4 still still ADV _ 5 running advmod 5 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the engine tree rules 2 run gerund still vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Then a fox came running up.
advmod det nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root Then ADV a DET fox NOUN came VERB running VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 came advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 fox det 3 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 came advcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 running compound:prt 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a fox then vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 run up gerund a fox not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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