runner Who acts: runner, person, something, plant, Runners, messenger · What happens: be, run, slide, spread, carry, finish · To what, where: person, race, thin blade, strip, plant, shoes
«runner» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: runner in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A runner is a person who runs, often in a race.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct advmod case det obl punct root A DET runner NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON runs VERB , PUNCT often ADV in ADP a DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 runs nsubj 7 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 race punct 9 often often ADV _ 12 race advmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 race case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 race det 12 race race NOUN Number=Sing 7 runs obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a runner a person tree rules 2 run present a person a race vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in race=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A runner is a thin blade or strip that something slides on, like a sledge or drawer runner.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj mark nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct case det conj cc compound conj punct root A DET runner NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ blade NOUN or CCONJ strip NOUN that SCONJ something PRON slides VERB on ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET sledge NOUN or CCONJ drawer NOUN runner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 6 blade nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 blade cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 blade det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 blade amod 6 blade blade NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 strip cc 8 strip strip NOUN Number=Sing 6 blade conj 9 that that SCONJ _ 11 slides mark 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 slides nsubj 11 slides slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 strip acl:relcl 12 on on ADV _ 11 slides advmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 sledge punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 sledge case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 sledge det 16 sledge sledge NOUN Number=Sing 6 blade conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 19 runner cc 18 drawer drawer NOUN Number=Sing 19 runner compound 19 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 16 sledge conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 blade punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a runner a thin blade or strip and a sledge or drawer runner tree rules 2 slide present something strip not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location strip=Theme
Meaning 3 A runner (UK runner bean) is a plant that spreads by long stems along the ground, like a strawberry runner.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj punct compound compound appos punct cop det nsubj acl:relcl case amod obl case det obl punct case det compound obl punct root A DET runner NOUN ( PUNCT UK PROPN runner NOUN bean NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET plant NOUN that PRON spreads VERB by ADP long ADJ stems NOUN along ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET strawberry NOUN runner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 10 plant nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 bean punct 4 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 6 bean compound 5 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 6 bean compound 6 bean bean NOUN Number=Sing 2 runner appos 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 bean punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 plant cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plant det 10 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 spreads nsubj 12 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 plant acl:relcl 13 by by ADP _ 15 stems case 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 stems amod 15 stems stem NOUN Number=Plur 12 spreads obl 16 along along ADP _ 18 ground case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 ground det 18 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 12 spreads obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 runner punct 20 like like ADP _ 23 runner case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 runner det 22 strawberry strawberry NOUN Number=Sing 23 runner compound 23 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 12 spreads obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 10 plant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a runner a plant tree rules 2 spread present a plant by long stems; along the ground; like a strawberry runner vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by stem=Location
Meaning 4 Runners (Australia, NZ, some UK) are running shoes, trainers.
The tree, 9 words nsubj punct appos punct conj punct det conj punct aux obj punct conj punct root Runners NOUN ( PUNCT Australia PROPN , PUNCT NZ PROPN , PUNCT some DET UK PROPN ) PUNCT are AUX running VERB shoes NOUN , PUNCT trainers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 11 running nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 Australia punct 3 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 1 Runners appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 NZ punct 5 NZ NZ PROPN Number=Sing 3 Australia conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 UK punct 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 8 UK det 8 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 3 Australia conj 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 Australia punct 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 running aux 11 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 12 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 11 running obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 trainers punct 14 trainers trainer NOUN Number=Plur 12 shoes conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · progressive Runners shoes and trainers vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shoe=Trajectory
Meaning 5 A runner can also be a messenger who carries news or messages quickly.
det nsubj aux advmod cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj advmod punct root A DET runner NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET messenger NOUN who PRON carries VERB news NOUN or CCONJ messages NOUN quickly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 7 messenger nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 messenger aux 4 also also ADV _ 7 messenger advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 messenger cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 messenger det 7 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 carries nsubj 9 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 messenger acl:relcl 10 news news NOUN Number=Sing 9 carries obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 messages cc 12 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 10 news conj 13 quickly quickly ADV _ 9 carries advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 messenger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a runner a messenger tree rules 2 carry present a messenger news or messages quickly property vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Theme
Example 1 There are 40 runners in the race.
expl nummod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 40 NUM runners NOUN in ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 runners nummod 4 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 race case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 race det 7 race race NOUN Number=Sing 4 runners nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 40 runners in the race there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Each runner runs 5 km.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET runner NOUN runs VERB 5 NUM km NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs nsubj 3 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 km nummod 5 km km NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present each runner 5 km vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme km=Trajectory
Example 3 The first runner finished in 18 minutes.
det amod acl case nummod obl punct root The DET first ADJ runner NOUN finished VERB in ADP 18 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 runner det 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 runner amod 3 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 runner acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 minutes case 6 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 minutes nummod 7 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 4 finished obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 runner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish participle the first runner not said here minute vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 6 runners dropped out.
nummod nsubj compound:prt punct root 6 NUM runners NOUN dropped VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 runners nummod 2 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 3 dropped nsubj 3 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 dropped compound:prt 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 dropped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop out past 6 runners vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The fastest runner on the team is Maya.
det amod nsubj case det nmod cop punct root The DET fastest ADJ runner NOUN on ADP the DET team NOUN is AUX Maya PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 runner det 2 fastest fast ADJ Degree=Sup 3 runner amod 3 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 8 Maya nsubj 4 on on ADP _ 6 team case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 team det 6 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 runner nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 Maya cop 8 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 Maya punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the fastest runner on the team Maya tree rules
Example 6 Four runners take turns in a relay race.
nummod nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root Four NUM runners NOUN take VERB turns NOUN in ADP a DET relay NOUN race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 runners nummod 2 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 3 take nsubj 3 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 turns turn NOUN Number=Plur 3 take obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 race case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 race det 7 relay relay NOUN Number=Sing 8 race compound 8 race race NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present Four runners turns a relay race vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent turn=Value in race=Location
Example 7 The strawberry plant sent out runners.
det compound acl compound:prt obj punct root The DET strawberry NOUN plant NOUN sent VERB out ADP runners NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 plant det 2 strawberry strawberry NOUN Number=Sing 3 plant compound 3 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 plant acl 5 out out ADP _ 4 sent compound:prt 6 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 4 sent obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 plant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send out participle the strawberry plant not said here runners vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Theme
Example 8 Put on your runners for PE.
case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root Put VERB on ADP your PRON runners NOUN for ADP PE NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADP _ 4 runners case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 runners nmod:poss 4 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obl 5 for for ADP _ 6 PE case 6 PE pe NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your runners for PE vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on runner=Destination
Example 9 The runners lined up at the start.
det acl compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET runners NOUN lined VERB up ADP at ADP the DET start NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 runners det 2 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 lined line VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 runners acl 4 up up ADP _ 3 lined compound:prt 5 at at ADP _ 7 start case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 start det 7 start start NOUN Number=Sing 3 lined obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 runners punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 line up participle the runners not said here the start vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 10 So the King's runners came for the fool.
advmod det nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl punct root So ADV the DET King PROPN 's PART runners NOUN came VERB for ADP the DET fool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 So so ADV _ 6 came advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 King det 3 King King PROPN Number=Sing 5 runners nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 King case 5 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 6 came nsubj 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 fool case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fool det 9 fool fool NOUN Number=Sing 6 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the King's runners for the fool vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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