rusty Who acts: brown flaky coating, iron, you, French, old gate, nail · What happens: cover, form, get, meet, use, be · To what, where: iron, air, it, rusty nail, you, bike
«rusty» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rusty in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Covered in rust, the reddish-brown flaky coating that forms on iron and steel when they get wet and meet the air.
The tree, 22 words case obl punct det amod punct amod amod conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc conj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp cc conj det obj punct root Covered VERB in ADP rust NOUN , PUNCT the DET reddish ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ flaky ADJ coating NOUN that PRON forms VERB on ADP iron NOUN and CCONJ steel NOUN when ADV they PRON get VERB wet ADJ and CCONJ meet VERB the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 in in ADP _ 3 rust case 3 rust rust NOUN Number=Sing 1 Covered obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 10 coating punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 coating det 6 reddish reddish ADJ Degree=Pos 8 brown amod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 reddish punct 8 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 10 coating amod 9 flaky flaky ADJ Degree=Pos 10 coating amod 10 coating coating NOUN Number=Sing 3 rust conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 forms nsubj 12 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 coating acl:relcl 13 on on ADP _ 14 iron case 14 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 12 forms obl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 steel cc 16 steel steel NOUN Number=Sing 14 iron conj 17 when when ADV PronType=Int 19 get advmod 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 get nsubj 19 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 forms advcl 20 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 19 get xcomp 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 meet cc 22 meet meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 get conj 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 air det 24 air air NOUN Number=Sing 22 meet obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 1 Covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover participle in rust and the brown flaky coating vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in rust=Theme 2 form present the brown flaky coating iron and steel vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on iron=Location 3 get present iron wet property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 4 meet present iron not said here the air vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Not as good at something as you used to be, because you have not done it for a long time: my French is rusty.
The tree, 24 words advmod advmod case obl mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp punct mark nsubj aux advmod conj obj case det amod obl punct nmod:poss nsubj cop conj punct root Not PART as ADV good ADJ at ADP something PRON as SCONJ you PRON used VERB to PART be VERB , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON have AUX not PART done VERB it PRON for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN : PUNCT my PRON French PROPN is AUX rusty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 good advmod 2 as as ADV _ 3 good advmod 3 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 at at ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 good obl 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 used mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 used nsubj 8 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 good advcl 9 to to PART _ 10 be mark 10 be be VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 used xcomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 done punct 12 because because SCONJ _ 16 done mark 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 done nsubj 14 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 done aux 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 done advmod 16 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 used conj 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 done obj 18 for for ADP _ 21 time case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 time det 20 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 21 time amod 21 time time NOUN Number=Sing 16 done obl 22 : : PUNCT _ 26 rusty punct 23 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 French nmod:poss 24 French French PROPN Number=Sing 26 rusty nsubj 25 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 rusty cop 26 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 3 good conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 3 good punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past you vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 be to-infinitive you not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 not do present · perfect you it time vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality 4 is present my French rusty property tree rules
Meaning 3 Reddish-brown in colour, like rust.
amod punct amod case punct case conj punct root Reddish ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ in ADP colour NOUN , PUNCT like ADP rust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reddish reddish ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brown amod 2 - - PUNCT _ 1 Reddish punct 3 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 colour amod 4 in in ADP _ 5 colour case 5 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 rust punct 7 like like ADP _ 8 rust case 8 rust rust NOUN Number=Sing 5 colour conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 colour punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 The old gate was rusty and squeaky.
det amod nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET old ADJ gate NOUN was AUX rusty ADJ and CCONJ squeaky ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 gate det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 gate amod 3 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 5 rusty nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 rusty cop 5 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 squeaky cc 7 squeaky squeaky ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rusty conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 rusty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the old gate rusty property tree rules 2 be the old gate not said here tree rules
Example 2 Don't touch that rusty nail; it could cut you.
aux advmod det amod obj punct nsubj aux advcl obj punct root Do AUX n't PART touch VERB that DET rusty ADJ nail NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON could AUX cut VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 touch aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 touch advmod 3 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 nail det 5 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 nail amod 6 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 3 touch obj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 cut punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 cut nsubj 9 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 cut aux 10 cut cut VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 touch advcl 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 cut obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not touch imperative · do-support you not said here that rusty nail vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme nail=Co-Theme 2 cut could nail you vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product
Example 3 Leaving the bike out in the rain made the chain rusty.
csubj det obj advmod case det obl det obj xcomp punct root Leaving VERB the DET bike NOUN out ADV in ADP the DET rain NOUN made VERB the DET chain NOUN rusty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 made csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bike det 3 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leaving obj 4 out out ADV _ 1 Leaving advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 rain case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rain det 7 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leaving obl 8 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 chain det 10 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 8 made obj 11 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 8 made xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave out gerund the bike the rain out property vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme 2 make past Leaving the chain rusty property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chain=Product
Example 4 My piano playing is a bit rusty after the holidays.
nmod:poss compound nsubj cop det obl:unmarked case det obl punct root My PRON piano NOUN playing NOUN is AUX a DET bit NOUN rusty ADJ after ADP the DET holidays NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 playing nmod:poss 2 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 3 playing compound 3 playing playing NOUN Number=Sing 7 rusty nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 rusty cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bit det 6 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 7 rusty obl:unmarked 7 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 after after ADP _ 10 holidays case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 holidays det 10 holidays holiday NOUN Number=Plur 7 rusty obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 rusty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My piano playing after the holidays a bit obl:unmarked ; rusty property tree rules 2 play My nom playing «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The fox had rusty red fur.
det nsubj amod amod obj punct root The DET fox NOUN had VERB rusty ADJ red ADJ fur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fox det 2 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fur amod 5 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fur amod 6 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the fox rusty red fur vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient
Example 6 We tested which nails got rusty fastest: in water, salt water or air.
The tree, 13 words nsubj det nsubj ccomp amod obl punct case parataxis punct compound conj cc conj punct root We PRON tested VERB which DET nails NOUN got VERB rusty ADJ fastest ADJ : PUNCT in ADP water NOUN , PUNCT salt NOUN water NOUN or CCONJ air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tested nsubj 2 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 which which DET PronType=Int 4 nails det 4 nails nail NOUN Number=Plur 5 got nsubj 5 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 tested ccomp 6 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fastest amod 7 fastest fast ADJ Degree=Sup 5 got obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 water punct 9 in in ADP _ 10 water case 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 tested parataxis 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 water punct 12 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 13 water compound 13 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 water conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 air cc 15 air air NOUN Number=Sing 13 water conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 tested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test past We tree rules 2 get past which nails rusty fastest vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 7 The rusty can was hard to open.
det nsubj aux cop mark xcomp punct root The DET rusty ADJ can AUX was AUX hard ADJ to PART open VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rusty det 2 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hard nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 hard aux 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 hard cop 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 open mark 7 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hard xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can the rusty hard property tree rules 2 open to-infinitive the rusty not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Paint stops metal from going rusty.
nsubj obj mark advcl xcomp punct root Paint NOUN stops VERB metal NOUN from SCONJ going VERB rusty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 2 stops nsubj 2 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 2 stops obj 4 from from SCONJ _ 5 going mark 5 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 stops advcl 6 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 going xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present Paint metal vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality metal=Eventuality 2 go gerund Paint not said here rusty property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 The door was fastened, but she pressed against the rusty latch, and it gave way.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass punct cc nsubj parataxis case det amod obl punct cc nsubj conj obj punct root The DET door NOUN was AUX fastened VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ she PRON pressed VERB against ADP the DET rusty ADJ latch NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ it PRON gave VERB way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 door det 2 door door NOUN Number=Sing 4 fastened nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fastened aux:pass 4 fastened fasten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 pressed punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 pressed cc 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 pressed nsubj 8 pressed press VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fastened parataxis 9 against against ADP _ 12 latch case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 latch det 11 rusty rusty ADJ Degree=Pos 12 latch amod 12 latch latch NOUN Number=Sing 8 pressed obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 gave punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 gave cc 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 gave nsubj 16 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 pressed conj 17 way way NOUN Number=Sing 16 gave obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 fastened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fasten past · passive the door vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 press past she against the rusty latch vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against latch=Theme 3 give past door way vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous rustlenext → rut↑ back to R in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rusty/