sack Who acts: sack, they, their, your, 71 sacks, We · What happens: be, carry, sack, have, get, mean · To what, where: big strong bag, things, someone, them, job, sack · Speech: someone speaks here
«sack» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sack in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sack is a big strong bag for carrying things like potatoes, flour or coal.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod amod mark advcl obj case obl punct conj cc conj punct root A DET sack NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ strong ADJ bag NOUN for SCONJ carrying VERB things NOUN like ADP potatoes NOUN , PUNCT flour NOUN or CCONJ coal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sack det 2 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 7 bag nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bag cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bag det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bag amod 6 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bag amod 7 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for SCONJ _ 9 carrying mark 9 carrying carry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 bag advcl 10 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 carrying obj 11 like like ADP _ 12 potatoes case 12 potatoes potato NOUN Number=Plur 9 carrying obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 flour punct 14 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 12 potatoes conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 coal cc 16 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 12 potatoes conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 bag punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sack a big strong bag tree rules 2 carry gerund a sack not said here things like potatoes and flour or coal vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To sack someone is to tell them they no longer have their job; «get the sack» means lose your job.
The tree, 20 words mark advcl obj cop mark csubj iobj nsubj advmod advmod ccomp nmod:poss obj punct punct ccomp det obj punct xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root To PART sack VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART tell VERB them PRON they PRON no ADV longer ADV have VERB their PRON job NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT get VERB the DET sack NOUN » PUNCT means VERB lose VERB your PRON job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sack mark 2 sack sack VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tell advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 sack obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tell cop 5 to to PART _ 6 tell mark 6 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 means csubj 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 tell iobj 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 have nsubj 9 no no ADV _ 10 longer advmod 10 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 11 have advmod 11 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tell ccomp 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 job nmod:poss 13 job job NOUN Number=Sing 11 have obj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 get punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 get punct 16 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tell ccomp 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 sack det 18 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 16 get obj 19 » » PUNCT _ 16 get punct 20 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 21 lose lose VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 means xcomp 22 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 job nmod:poss 23 job job NOUN Number=Sing 21 lose obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 20 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sack to-infinitive someone vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 be speech: assert present them = they tell property tree rules 3 have present they their job long property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient 4 get in a quote infinitive the sack vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sack=Stimulus 5 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 lose not said to happen infinitive your job vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 7 job their = they nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent 8 job your nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 «Hit the sack» means go to bed.
punct csubj det obj punct ccomp case obl punct root « PUNCT Hit VERB the DET sack NOUN » PUNCT means VERB go VERB to ADP bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Hit punct 2 Hit hit VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sack det 4 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 2 Hit obj 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hit punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 means ccomp 8 to to ADP _ 9 bed case 9 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 7 go obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit in a quote infinitive the sack vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sack=Co-Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 go infinitive bed vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial_Location
Example 1 They harvest 74 sacks of oranges per day.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod case nmod punct root They PRON harvest VERB 74 NUM sacks NOUN of ADP oranges NOUN per ADP day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 harvest nsubj 2 harvest harvest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 74 74 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 sacks nummod 4 sacks sack NOUN Number=Plur 2 harvest obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 oranges case 6 oranges orange NOUN Number=Plur 4 sacks nmod 7 per per ADP _ 8 day case 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 6 oranges nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 harvest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harvest present They 74 sacks of oranges per day tree rules
Example 2 71 sacks are of ripe oranges.
nummod nsubj cop case amod punct root 71 NUM sacks NOUN are AUX of ADP ripe ADJ oranges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 71 71 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 sacks nummod 2 sacks sack NOUN Number=Plur 6 oranges nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 oranges cop 4 of of ADP _ 6 oranges case 5 ripe ripe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 oranges amod 6 oranges orange NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 oranges punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present 71 sacks of ripe oranges tree rules
Example 3 How many sacks after 51 days?
advmod amod case nummod nmod punct root How ADV many ADJ sacks NOUN after ADP 51 NUM days NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sacks amod 3 sacks sack NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 after after ADP _ 6 days case 5 51 51 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 days nummod 6 days day NOUN Number=Plur 3 sacks nmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 sacks punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 Each sack holds 20 pounds.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET sack NOUN holds VERB 20 NUM pounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 sack det 2 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pounds nummod 5 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each sack 20 pounds vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Theme
Example 5 We had a sack race on sports day.
nsubj det compound obj case compound obl punct root We PRON had VERB a DET sack NOUN race NOUN on ADP sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 race det 4 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 5 race compound 5 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 day case 7 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 8 day compound 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a sack race day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Patient
Example 6 Santa carries a sack of toys.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Santa PROPN carries VERB a DET sack NOUN of ADP toys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Santa Santa PROPN Number=Sing 2 carries nsubj 2 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sack det 4 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 toys case 6 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 4 sack nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present Santa a sack of toys vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme
Example 7 The farmer lifted a sack of flour.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET farmer NOUN lifted VERB a DET sack NOUN of ADP flour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 lifted nsubj 3 lifted lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sack det 5 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 3 lifted obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 flour case 7 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 5 sack nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 lifted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lift past the farmer a sack of flour vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme
Example 8 I'm tired, I'll hit the sack.
nsubj cop punct nsubj aux conj det obj punct root I PRON 'm AUX tired ADJ , PUNCT I PRON 'll AUX hit VERB the DET sack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 tired nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 tired cop 3 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 hit punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 hit nsubj 6 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 hit aux 7 hit hit VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 tired conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sack det 9 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 7 hit obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 tired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I tired property tree rules 2 hit future I the sack vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sack=Co-Theme
Example 9 He got the sack for being late.
nsubj det obj mark cop advcl punct root He PRON got VERB the DET sack NOUN for SCONJ being AUX late ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sack det 4 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 5 for for SCONJ _ 7 late mark 6 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 late cop 7 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 got advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past He the sack vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sack=Stimulus 2 is gerund He not said here late property tree rules
Example 10 The old mill made sacks of grain.
det amod nsubj obj case nmod punct root The DET old ADJ mill NOUN made VERB sacks NOUN of ADP grain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mill det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mill amod 3 mill mill NOUN _ 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sacks sack NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 grain case 7 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 5 sacks nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the old mill sacks of grain vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sack=Product
Example 11 The ostler was carrying a sack.
det nsubj aux det obj punct root The DET ostler NOUN was AUX carrying VERB a DET sack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ostler det 2 ostler ostler NOUN Number=Sing 4 carrying nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 carrying aux 4 carrying carry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sack det 6 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 4 carrying obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 carrying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past · progressive the ostler a sack vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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