sail Who acts: sail, boat, ball, They, wind, explorers · What happens: be, catch, push, travel, sail, mean · To what, where: big piece, boat, wind, water, fence, sail · Speech: someone speaks here
«sail» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sail in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sail is a big piece of cloth on a boat that catches the wind and pushes the boat along.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj cc conj det obj advmod punct root A DET sail NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ piece NOUN of ADP cloth NOUN on ADP a DET boat NOUN that PRON catches VERB the DET wind NOUN and CCONJ pushes VERB the DET boat NOUN along ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sail det 2 sail sail NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piece det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 piece amod 6 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 cloth case 8 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nmod 9 on on ADP _ 11 boat case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 boat det 11 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nmod 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 catches nsubj 13 catches catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 boat acl:relcl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 wind det 15 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 13 catches obj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 pushes cc 17 pushes push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 catches conj 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 boat det 19 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 17 pushes obj 20 along along ADV _ 17 pushes advmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sail a big piece a boat of cloth tree rules 2 catch present a boat the wind vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Theme 3 push present a boat not said here the boat along property vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To sail is to travel on water in a boat or ship.
mark cop mark advcl case obl case det obl cc conj punct root To PART sail VERB is AUX to PART travel VERB on ADP water NOUN in ADP a DET boat NOUN or CCONJ ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sail mark 2 sail sail VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 sail cop 4 to to PART _ 5 travel mark 5 travel travel VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sail advcl 6 on on ADP _ 7 water case 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 travel obl 8 in in ADP _ 10 boat case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 boat det 10 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 5 travel obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 ship cc 12 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 10 boat conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 sail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present sail property tree rules 2 travel to-infinitive water in a boat or ship vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory
Meaning 3 To sail is to control a sailing boat.
mark csubj cop mark det compound obj punct root To PART sail VERB is AUX to PART control VERB a DET sailing NOUN boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sail mark 2 sail sail VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 control csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 control cop 4 to to PART _ 5 control mark 5 control control VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 boat det 7 sailing sailing NOUN Number=Sing 8 boat compound 8 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 5 control obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 control punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sail to-infinitive vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 2 is present control property tree rules
Meaning 4 To sail can mean to move smoothly and fast: the ball sailed over the fence.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj aux mark xcomp advmod cc conj punct det nsubj conj case det obl punct root To PART sail VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART move VERB smoothly ADV and CCONJ fast ADV : PUNCT the DET ball NOUN sailed VERB over ADP the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sail mark 2 sail sail VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 move mark 6 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 smoothly smoothly ADV _ 6 move advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 fast cc 9 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 7 smoothly conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 sailed punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 13 sailed nsubj 13 sailed sail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mean conj 14 over over ADP _ 16 fence case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 fence det 16 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 13 sailed obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sail to-infinitive vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move not said to happen to-infinitive smoothly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 4 sail past the ball the fence vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over fence=Trajectory
Meaning 5 To set sail is to start a journey by sea.
mark advcl obj cop mark det obj case obl punct root To PART set VERB sail NOUN is AUX to PART start VERB a DET journey NOUN by ADP sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 set mark 2 set set VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 start advcl 3 sail sail NOUN Number=Sing 2 set obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 start cop 5 to to PART _ 6 start mark 6 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 journey det 8 journey journey NOUN Number=Sing 6 start obj 9 by by ADP _ 10 sea case 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 6 start obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set to-infinitive sail vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient sail=Result 2 is present by sea; start property tree rules
Example 1 The boat sailed 15 miles in 3 hours.
det nsubj nummod obj case nummod obl punct root The DET boat NOUN sailed VERB 15 NUM miles NOUN in ADP 3 NUM hours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 sailed nsubj 3 sailed sail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 miles nummod 5 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 3 sailed obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 hours case 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 hours nummod 8 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 3 sailed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sail past the boat 15 miles hour vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme mile=Trajectory
Example 2 Each boat has 2 sails.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET boat NOUN has VERB 2 NUM sails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 sails nummod 5 sails sail NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each boat 2 sails vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sail=Patient
Example 3 They sail 40 km each day.
nsubj nummod obl det obl:unmarked punct root They PRON sail VERB 40 NUM km NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sail nsubj 2 sail sail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 km nummod 4 km km NOUN Number=Sing 2 sail obl 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 sail obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sail present They 40 km day vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 How long will it take to sail 60 miles?
advmod advmod aux expl mark advcl nummod obj punct root How ADV long ADV will AUX it PRON take VERB to PART sail VERB 60 NUM miles NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 long advmod 2 long long ADV Degree=Pos 5 take advmod 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 take aux 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 take expl 5 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 sail mark 7 sail sail VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 take advcl 8 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 miles nummod 9 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 7 sail obj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take future it long property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 sail to-infinitive 60 miles vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme mile=Trajectory
Example 5 The wind filled the sails.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET wind NOUN filled VERB the DET sails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wind det 2 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 filled nsubj 3 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sails det 5 sails sail NOUN Number=Plur 3 filled obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past the wind the sails vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sail=Patient
Example 6 The explorers set sail for a new land.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root The DET explorers NOUN set VERB sail NOUN for ADP a DET new ADJ land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 explorers det 2 explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 3 set nsubj 3 set set VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sail sail NOUN Number=Sing 3 set obj 5 for for ADP _ 8 land case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 land det 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 land amod 8 land land NOUN Number=Sing 3 set obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set past the explorers sail for a new land vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent sail=Patient for land=Beneficiary
Example 7 The ball sailed over the goalkeeper's head.
det nsubj case det nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET ball NOUN sailed VERB over ADP the DET goalkeeper NOUN 's PART head NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 sailed nsubj 3 sailed sail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 8 head case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 goalkeeper det 6 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 8 head nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 goalkeeper case 8 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 sailed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sail past the ball the goalkeeper's head vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over head=Trajectory
Example 8 We are learning to sail at summer camp.
nsubj aux mark xcomp case compound obl punct root We PRON are AUX learning VERB to PART sail VERB at ADP summer NOUN camp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 learning nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 learning aux 3 learning learn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 to to PART _ 5 sail mark 5 sail sail VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 learning xcomp 6 at at ADP _ 8 camp case 7 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 8 camp compound 8 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 5 sail obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 learning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present · progressive We vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 sail to-infinitive We not said here summer camp vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 After the hard start, the rest was plain sailing.
case det amod obl punct det nsubj cop amod punct root After ADP the DET hard ADJ start NOUN , PUNCT the DET rest NOUN was AUX plain ADJ sailing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 4 start case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 start det 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 4 start amod 4 start start NOUN Number=Sing 10 sailing obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 start punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rest det 7 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing 10 sailing nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 sailing cop 9 plain plain ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sailing amod 10 sailing sailing NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 sailing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the rest plain sailing after the hard start tree rules
Example 10 And a ship came sailing by.
cc det nsubj xcomp fixed punct root And CCONJ a DET ship NOUN came VERB sailing VERB by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 4 came cc 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ship det 3 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sailing sail VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 came xcomp 6 by by ADP _ 5 sailing fixed 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a ship tree rules 2 sail gerund a ship not said here vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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