saiga Who acts: saiga, kind, strange nose, nose, Saigas, Thousands · What happens: be, live, droop, work, warm, keep out · To what, where: kind, dry grassy plains, cold air, dust, nose, mouth
«saiga» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: saiga in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A saiga is a kind of antelope that lives on the dry grassy plains of Central Asia, with a big, soft, drooping nose.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det amod amod obl case flat nmod punct case det amod punct amod punct amod obl punct root A DET saiga NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP antelope NOUN that PRON lives VERB on ADP the DET dry ADJ grassy ADJ plains NOUN of ADP Central PROPN Asia PROPN , PUNCT with ADP a DET big ADJ , PUNCT soft ADJ , PUNCT drooping VERB nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 saiga det 2 saiga saiga NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 antelope case 7 antelope antelope NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lives nsubj 9 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind acl:relcl 10 on on ADP _ 14 plains case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 plains det 12 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 14 plains amod 13 grassy grassy ADJ Degree=Pos 14 plains amod 14 plains plain NOUN Number=Plur 9 lives obl 15 of of ADP _ 17 Asia case 16 Central Central PROPN Number=Sing 17 Asia flat 17 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 14 plains nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 26 nose punct 19 with with ADP _ 26 nose case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 nose det 21 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 26 nose amod 22 , , PUNCT _ 21 big punct 23 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 26 nose amod 24 , , PUNCT _ 23 soft punct 25 drooping droop VERB VerbForm=Ger 26 nose amod 26 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 9 lives obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a saiga a kind of antelope tree rules 2 live present a kind the dry grassy plains of Central Asia with a big soft drooping nose vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with nose=Location 3 droop gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Its strange nose works like a filter: it warms cold air in winter and keeps out dust in summer.
The tree, 19 words nmod:poss amod nsubj case det obl punct nsubj parataxis amod obj case obl cc conj compound:prt obj case obl punct root Its PRON strange ADJ nose NOUN works VERB like ADP a DET filter NOUN : PUNCT it PRON warms VERB cold ADJ air NOUN in ADP winter NOUN and CCONJ keeps VERB out ADP dust NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 nose nmod:poss 2 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 3 nose amod 3 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 4 works nsubj 4 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 like like ADP _ 7 filter case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 filter det 7 filter filter NOUN Number=Sing 4 works obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 warms punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 warms nsubj 10 warms warm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 works parataxis 11 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 12 air amod 12 air air NOUN Number=Sing 10 warms obj 13 in in ADP _ 14 winter case 14 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 10 warms obl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 keeps cc 16 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 warms conj 17 out out ADP _ 16 keeps compound:prt 18 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 16 keeps obj 19 in in ADP _ 20 summer case 20 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 16 keeps obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present Its strange nose like a filter vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 warm present nose cold air winter vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient 3 keep out present nose not said here dust summer vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme
Example 1 A saiga has a nose that hangs over its mouth.
det nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET saiga NOUN has VERB a DET nose NOUN that PRON hangs VERB over ADP its PRON mouth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 saiga det 2 saiga saiga NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 nose det 5 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 hangs nsubj 7 hangs hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 nose acl:relcl 8 over over ADP _ 10 mouth case 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 mouth nmod:poss 10 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 7 hangs obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a saiga a nose vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient 2 hang present a nose saiga's mouth vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over mouth=Location
Example 2 Saigas live on the steppes of Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
nsubj case det obl case nmod cc conj punct root Saigas NOUN live VERB on ADP the DET steppes NOUN of ADP Kazakhstan PROPN and CCONJ Mongolia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saigas saiga NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 steppes case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 steppes det 5 steppes steppe NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 Kazakhstan case 7 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan PROPN Number=Sing 5 steppes nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 Mongolia cc 9 Mongolia Mongolia PROPN Number=Sing 7 Kazakhstan conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Saigas the steppes of Kazakhstan and Mongolia vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on steppe=Location
Example 3 The saiga's nose filters dust from the air.
det nmod:poss case nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET saiga NOUN 's PART nose NOUN filters VERB dust NOUN from ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 saiga det 2 saiga saiga NOUN Number=Sing 4 nose nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 saiga case 4 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 5 filters nsubj 5 filters filter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 filters obj 7 from from ADP _ 9 air case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 air det 9 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 filters obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 filters punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 filter present the saiga's nose dust the air vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent dust=Theme from air=Initial_Location
Example 4 Thousands of saigas run together across the plains.
nsubj case nmod advmod case det obl punct root Thousands NOUN of ADP saigas NOUN run VERB together ADV across ADP the DET plains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 4 run nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 saigas case 3 saigas saiga NOUN Number=Plur 1 Thousands nmod 4 run run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 together together ADV _ 4 run advmod 6 across across ADP _ 8 plains case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 plains det 8 plains plain NOUN Number=Plur 4 run obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present Thousands of saigas the plains together property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across plain=Trajectory
Example 5 Hunters once killed many saigas for their horns.
nsubj advmod amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Hunters NOUN once ADV killed VERB many ADJ saigas NOUN for ADP their PRON horns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunters hunter NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed nsubj 2 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 3 killed advmod 3 killed kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 saigas amod 5 saigas saiga NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 horns case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 horns nmod:poss 8 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 killed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill past Hunters many saigas for Hunters's horns; once property vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saiga=Theme
Example 6 Scientists count the saigas every year.
nsubj det obj det obl:unmarked punct root Scientists NOUN count VERB the DET saigas NOUN every DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 count nsubj 2 count count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 saigas det 4 saigas saiga NOUN Number=Plur 2 count obj 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 year det 6 year year NOUN Number=Sing 2 count obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 count punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count present Scientists the saigas year vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saiga=Theme
Example 7 The saiga is listed as an endangered animal.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl punct root The DET saiga NOUN is AUX listed VERB as ADP an DET endangered ADJ animal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 saiga det 2 saiga saiga NOUN Number=Sing 4 listed nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 listed aux:pass 4 listed list VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 as as ADP _ 8 animal case 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 animal det 7 endangered endangered ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 4 listed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 listed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 list present · passive the saiga as a endangered animal tree rules
Example 8 We saw a picture of a baby saiga in our nature book.
nsubj det obj case det compound nmod case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET picture NOUN of ADP a DET baby NOUN saiga NOUN in ADP our PRON nature NOUN book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 picture det 4 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 saiga case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 saiga det 7 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 8 saiga compound 8 saiga saiga NOUN Number=Sing 4 picture nmod 9 in in ADP _ 12 book case 10 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 book nmod:poss 11 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 12 book compound 12 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 saiga nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a picture of a baby saiga in our nature book vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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