sandbag Who acts: sandbag, you, Volunteers, We, 10 sandbags, Soldiers · What happens: be, fill, use, build, make, sandbag · To what, where: bag, walls, barriers, place, sandbags, door · Speech: someone speaks here
«sandbag» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sandbag in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sandbag is a bag filled with sand, used to build walls against floods or to make barriers.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det acl case obl punct acl:relcl mark xcomp obj case obl cc mark conj obj punct root A DET sandbag NOUN is AUX a DET bag NOUN filled VERB with ADP sand NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART build VERB walls NOUN against ADP floods NOUN or CCONJ to PART make VERB barriers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sandbag det 2 sandbag sandbag NOUN Number=Sing 5 bag nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bag cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bag det 5 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 bag acl 7 with with ADP _ 8 sand case 8 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 6 filled obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 used punct 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 bag acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 build mark 12 build build VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 used xcomp 13 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 12 build obj 14 against against ADP _ 15 floods case 15 floods flood NOUN Number=Plur 12 build obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 make cc 17 to to PART _ 18 make mark 18 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 build conj 19 barriers barrier NOUN Number=Plur 18 make obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 bag punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sandbag a bag tree rules 2 fill participle a bag not said here with sand vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with sand=Instrument 3 use participle a bag not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 build to-infinitive walls against floods vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product 5 make to-infinitive barriers vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset barrier=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To sandbag a place is to protect it with sandbags.
mark advcl det obj cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART sandbag VERB a DET place NOUN is AUX to PART protect VERB it PRON with ADP sandbags NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sandbag mark 2 sandbag sandbag VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 protect advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 place det 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 sandbag obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 protect cop 6 to to PART _ 7 protect mark 7 protect protect VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 protect obj 9 with with ADP _ 10 sandbags case 10 sandbags sandbag NOUN Number=Plur 7 protect obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sandbag to-infinitive a place vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient 2 is present with sandbags; protect property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal, sport and games — kept apart, not parsed.
To sandbag is to pretend to be weaker than you are so you can win later.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl cop mark mark cop xcomp mark nsubj advcl mark nsubj aux advcl advmod punct root To PART sandbag NOUN is AUX to PART pretend VERB to PART be AUX weaker ADJ than SCONJ you PRON are VERB so SCONJ you PRON can AUX win VERB later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sandbag mark 2 sandbag sandbag NOUN Number=Sing 5 pretend advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pretend cop 4 to to PART _ 5 pretend mark 5 pretend pretend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 8 weaker mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 weaker cop 8 weaker weak ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 pretend xcomp 9 than than SCONJ _ 11 are mark 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 are nsubj 11 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 weaker advcl 12 so so SCONJ _ 15 win mark 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 win nsubj 14 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 win aux 15 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 weaker advcl 16 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 15 win advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 pretend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present pretend property tree rules 2 is to-infinitive weak property tree rules 3 does present you vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 win can you late property vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Volunteers filled sandbags before the flood.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root Volunteers NOUN filled VERB sandbags NOUN before ADP the DET flood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 2 filled nsubj 2 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sandbags sandbag NOUN Number=Plur 2 filled obj 4 before before ADP _ 6 flood case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 flood det 6 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past Volunteers sandbags before the flood vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sandbag=Patient
Example 2 We piled sandbags against the door.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root We PRON piled VERB sandbags NOUN against ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 piled nsubj 2 piled pile VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sandbags sandbag NOUN Number=Plur 2 piled obj 4 against against ADP _ 6 door case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 door det 6 door door NOUN Number=Sing 2 piled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 piled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pile past We sandbags the door vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sandbag=Theme against door=Destination
Example 3 Each sandbag weighs 15 kg; 10 sandbags weigh 150 kg.
det nsubj nummod obj punct nummod nsubj parataxis nummod obj punct root Each DET sandbag NOUN weighs VERB 15 NUM kg NOUN ; PUNCT 10 NUM sandbags NOUN weigh VERB 150 NUM kg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 sandbag det 2 sandbag sandbag NOUN Number=Sing 3 weighs nsubj 3 weighs weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 3 weighs obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 weigh punct 7 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 sandbags nummod 8 sandbags sandbag NOUN Number=Plur 9 weigh nsubj 9 weigh weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 weighs parataxis 10 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 kg nummod 11 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 9 weigh obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 weighs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh present each sandbag 15 kg vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value 2 weigh present 10 sandbags 150 kg vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value
Example 4 Soldiers sheltered behind a wall of sandbags.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root Soldiers NOUN sheltered VERB behind ADP a DET wall NOUN of ADP sandbags NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 2 sheltered nsubj 2 sheltered shelter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 behind behind ADP _ 5 wall case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 wall det 5 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 2 sheltered obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 sandbags case 7 sandbags sandbag NOUN Number=Plur 5 wall nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sheltered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shelter past Soldiers a wall of sandbags vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind wall=Location
Example 5 The town was sandbagged against the rising river.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl punct root The DET town NOUN was AUX sandbagged VERB against ADP the DET rising VERB river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 town det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 sandbagged nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sandbagged aux:pass 4 sandbagged sandbag VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 against against ADP _ 8 river case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 river det 7 rising rise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 river amod 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing 4 sandbagged obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sandbagged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sandbag past · passive the town against the rising river vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 rise gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Stop sandbagging — I know you can run faster!
xcomp punct nsubj ccomp nsubj aux ccomp advmod punct root Stop VERB sandbagging VERB — PUNCT I PRON know VERB you PRON can AUX run VERB faster ADV ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 sandbagging sandbag VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 — - PUNCT _ 5 know punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 know nsubj 5 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 sandbagging ccomp 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 run nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 run aux 8 run run VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 know ccomp 9 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 8 run advmod 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 sandbag gerund you not said here vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result 3 know present I vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 run can you fast property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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