sap Who acts: Sap, liquid, Sticky sap, heat, plants, long walk · What happens: be, carry, sap, trick, make, run down · To what, where: liquid, plants, water, strength, silly person, Maple syrup
«sap» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sap in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sap is the liquid inside plants and trees that carries water and food around them.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj case obl punct root Sap NOUN is AUX the DET liquid NOUN inside ADP plants NOUN and CCONJ trees NOUN that PRON carries VERB water NOUN and CCONJ food NOUN around ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 4 liquid nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 liquid cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 liquid det 4 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 inside inside ADP _ 6 plants case 6 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 4 liquid nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 trees cc 8 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 6 plants conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 carries nsubj 10 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 liquid acl:relcl 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 carries obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 food cc 13 food food NOUN Number=Sing 11 water conj 14 around around ADP _ 15 them case 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 carries obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 liquid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sap the liquid plants and trees tree rules 2 carry present the liquid water and food around water vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To sap your strength or energy is to slowly make you weaker or more tired.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj cop mark advmod obj xcomp cc advmod conj punct root To PART sap VERB your PRON strength NOUN or CCONJ energy NOUN is AUX to PART slowly ADV make VERB you PRON weaker ADJ or CCONJ more ADV tired ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sap mark 2 sap sap VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 make advcl 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 strength nmod:poss 4 strength strength NOUN Number=Sing 2 sap obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 energy cc 6 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 4 strength conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 make cop 8 to to PART _ 10 make mark 9 slowly slowly ADV _ 10 make advmod 10 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 make obj 12 weaker weak ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 make xcomp 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 tired cc 14 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 15 tired advmod 15 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 12 weaker conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sap to-infinitive your strength or energy vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Source 2 is present make, slowly, weak property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal, old — kept apart, not parsed.
A silly person who is easily tricked.
det amod nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct root A DET silly ADJ person NOUN who PRON is AUX easily ADV tricked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 2 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 3 person amod 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 tricked nsubj:pass 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 tricked nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 tricked aux:pass 6 easily easily ADV _ 7 tricked advmod 7 tricked trick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 tricked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trick present · passive a silly person easily property vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 1 Maple syrup is made from tree sap.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root Maple NOUN syrup NOUN is AUX made VERB from ADP tree NOUN sap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Maple maple NOUN Number=Sing 2 syrup compound 2 syrup syrup NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 sap case 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 sap compound 7 sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Maple syrup tree sap vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from sap=Material
Example 2 Sticky sap ran down the pine tree.
amod nsubj compound:prt det compound obj punct root Sticky ADJ sap NOUN ran VERB down ADP the DET pine NOUN tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sticky sticky ADJ Degree=Pos 2 sap amod 2 sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 ran compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tree det 6 pine pine NOUN Number=Sing 7 tree compound 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run down past Sticky sap the pine tree vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Trajectory
Example 3 Sap carries water and food through the plant.
nsubj obj cc conj case det obl punct root Sap NOUN carries VERB water NOUN and CCONJ food NOUN through ADP the DET plant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries nsubj 2 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 food cc 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 water conj 6 through through ADP _ 8 plant case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 plant det 8 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present Sap water and food the plant vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
Example 4 The heat sapped our energy.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET heat NOUN sapped VERB our PRON energy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 heat det 2 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 3 sapped nsubj 3 sapped sap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 energy nmod:poss 5 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 3 sapped obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 sapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sap past the heat our energy vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Source
Example 5 My hands were covered in sap after climbing.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl mark advcl punct root My PRON hands NOUN were AUX covered VERB in ADP sap NOUN after SCONJ climbing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 hands nmod:poss 2 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 4 covered nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 covered aux:pass 4 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 sap case 6 sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 4 covered obl 7 after after SCONJ _ 8 climbing mark 8 climbing climb VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 covered advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past · passive My hands in sap vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in sap=Theme 2 climb gerund vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Some plants have sap that can burn your skin, so don't touch them.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj obj nsubj aux acl:relcl nmod:poss obj punct advmod aux advmod parataxis obj punct root Some DET plants NOUN have VERB sap NOUN that PRON can AUX burn VERB your PRON skin NOUN , PUNCT so ADV do AUX n't PART touch VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 plants det 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 burn nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 burn aux 7 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 sap acl:relcl 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 skin nmod:poss 9 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 7 burn obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 touch punct 11 so so ADV _ 14 touch advmod 12 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 14 touch aux 13 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 14 touch advmod 14 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 have parataxis 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 touch obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some plants sap vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sap=Patient 2 burn can sap your skin vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme 3 not touch infinitive · do-support plants = plant vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme
Example 7 The long walk sapped his strength.
det amod nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET long ADJ walk NOUN sapped VERB his PRON strength NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 walk det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 3 walk amod 3 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 4 sapped nsubj 4 sapped sap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 strength nmod:poss 6 strength strength NOUN Number=Sing 4 sapped obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 sapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sap past the long walk walk's strength vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Source
Example 8 Within the garden grew large trees, full of sap; but whether they were palm-trees or gigantic water-plants, the prince knew not.
The tree, 23 words case det obl amod obj punct amod case obl punct cc mark nsubj cop compound punct obl cc amod compound punct conj punct det nsubj conj advmod punct root Within ADP the DET garden NOUN grew VERB large ADJ trees NOUN , PUNCT full ADJ of ADP sap NOUN ; PUNCT but CCONJ whether SCONJ they PRON were AUX palm NOUN - PUNCT trees NOUN or CCONJ gigantic ADJ water NOUN - PUNCT plants NOUN , PUNCT the DET prince NOUN knew VERB not PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Within within ADP _ 3 garden case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 garden det 3 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 4 grew obl 4 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 trees amod 6 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 4 grew obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 full punct 8 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 6 trees amod 9 of of ADP _ 10 sap case 10 sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 8 full obl 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 27 knew punct 12 but but CCONJ _ 27 knew cc 13 whether whether SCONJ _ 18 trees mark 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 trees nsubj 15 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 trees cop 16 palm palm NOUN Number=Sing 18 trees compound 17 - - PUNCT _ 16 palm punct 18 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 27 knew obl 19 or or CCONJ _ 23 plants cc 20 gigantic gigantic ADJ Degree=Pos 23 plants amod 21 water water NOUN Number=Sing 23 plants compound 22 - - PUNCT _ 21 water punct 23 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 18 trees conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 27 knew punct 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 prince det 26 prince prince NOUN Number=Sing 27 knew nsubj 27 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 grew conj 28 not not PART Polarity=Neg 27 knew advmod 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past large trees within the garden vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tree=Theme 2 is a past trees = tree palm trees or gigantic water plants tree rules 3 not know past the prince vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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