say Who acts: sign, you, 's, say, Everyone, Your · What happens: say, be, stop, mean, let, imagine · To what, where: example, 's, number, 7, chance, opinion · Speech: someone speaks here
«say» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: say in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To say is to speak words: «Say hello.».
mark cop mark ccomp obj punct punct parataxis obj punct punct punct root To PART say VERB is AUX to PART speak VERB words NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Say VERB hello INTJ . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 speak cop 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 say ccomp 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 speak obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 Say punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 Say punct 9 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 say parataxis 10 hello hello INTJ _ 9 Say obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 Say punct 12 » » PUNCT _ 9 Say punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 is present speak property tree rules 3 say speech: assert in a quote infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To say is to tell a fact or opinion: «The sign says stop».
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark det obj cc conj punct punct det nsubj parataxis ccomp punct punct root To PART say VERB is AUX to PART tell VERB a DET fact NOUN or CCONJ opinion NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET sign NOUN says VERB stop VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 tell csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tell cop 4 to to PART _ 5 tell mark 5 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fact det 7 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 5 tell obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 opinion cc 9 opinion opinion NOUN Number=Sing 7 fact conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 says punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 says punct 12 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 sign det 13 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 14 says nsubj 14 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tell parataxis 15 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 says ccomp 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 stop punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 be speech: assert present tell property tree rules 3 say speech: assert in a quote present the sign vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 stop in a quote infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Say can mean «for example» or «let's imagine»: «Take a number, say 7».
The tree, 14 words aux conj punct case obj punct cc punct conj obj xcomp punct punct punct ccomp det obj punct conj obj punct punct root Say VERB can AUX mean VERB « PUNCT for ADP example NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT let VERB 's PRON imagine VERB » PUNCT : PUNCT « PUNCT Take VERB a DET number NOUN , PUNCT say VERB 7 NUM » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Say conj 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 example punct 5 for for ADP _ 6 example case 6 example example NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 example punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 let cc 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 let punct 10 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 mean conj 11 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 let obj 12 imagine imagine VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 let xcomp 13 » » PUNCT _ 10 let punct 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 Take punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 Take punct 16 Take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Say ccomp 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 number det 18 number number NOUN Number=Sing 16 Take obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 say punct 20 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 Take conj 21 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 20 say obj 22 » » PUNCT _ 16 Take punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 1 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 mean can you not said here example vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent example=Topic 3 let in a quote infinitive you not said here 's tree rules 4 imagine in a quote infinitive 's not said here vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 5 take in a quote infinitive a number vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme 6 say speech: assert in a quote infinitive 7 vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent 7=Topic
Meaning 4 Your say is your chance to give your opinion: «Everyone gets a say».
The tree, 13 words nmod:poss nsubj cop nmod:poss mark acl nmod:poss obj punct punct nsubj parataxis det obj punct punct root Your PRON say NOUN is AUX your PRON chance NOUN to PART give VERB your PRON opinion NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Everyone PRON gets VERB a DET say NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 say nmod:poss 2 say say NOUN Number=Sing 5 chance nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chance cop 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 chance nmod:poss 5 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 give mark 7 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 chance acl 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 opinion nmod:poss 9 opinion opinion NOUN Number=Sing 7 give obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 gets punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 gets punct 12 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 13 gets nsubj 13 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chance parataxis 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 say det 15 say say NOUN Number=Sing 13 gets obj 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 say punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 chance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your say your chance tree rules 2 give to-infinitive your opinion vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme 3 get in a quote present Everyone a say vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus 4 say Your nom say «state intransitive»: poss=agent 5 opine your nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 5 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«I say», «say what?» and «you don't say» show surprise; «you don't say» is often sarcastic.
The tree, 18 words punct nsubj punct punct punct parataxis obj punct punct cc punct nsubj aux advmod conj punct compound obj punct punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis punct cop advmod ccomp punct root « PUNCT I PRON say VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT say VERB what PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT you PRON do AUX n't PART say VERB » PUNCT show NOUN surprise NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON do AUX n't PART say VERB » PUNCT is AUX often ADV sarcastic ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 say punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 say nsubj 3 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 say punct 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 say punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 say punct 7 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 say parataxis 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 say obj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 what punct 10 » » PUNCT _ 8 what punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 16 say cc 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 say punct 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 say nsubj 14 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 say aux 15 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 16 say advmod 16 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 say conj 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 say punct 18 show show NOUN Number=Sing 19 surprise compound 19 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 16 say obj 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 say punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 25 say punct 22 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 25 say nsubj 23 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 say aux 24 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 25 say advmod 25 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 29 sarcastic parataxis 26 » » PUNCT _ 25 say punct 27 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 29 sarcastic cop 28 often often ADV _ 29 sarcastic advmod 29 sarcastic sarcastic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 say ccomp 30 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote present I vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert in a quote infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic 3 not say speech: assert in a quote present · do-support you show surprise vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent surprise=Topic 4 not say speech: assert in a quote present · do-support you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 is present often, sarcastic property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I knew that already.
nsubj obj advmod punct root I PRON knew VERB that PRON already ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 knew nsubj 2 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 knew obj 4 already already ADV _ 2 knew advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know past I that vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus
Meaning 6 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Says who?» challenges someone: who decided that?
punct obl nsubj punct punct obj punct nsubj parataxis obj punct root « PUNCT Says NOUN who PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT challenges VERB someone PRON : PUNCT who PRON decided VERB that PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Says punct 2 Says say NOUN Number=Plur 6 challenges obl 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 challenges nsubj 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 who punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 who punct 6 challenges challenge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 challenges obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 decided punct 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 decided nsubj 10 decided decide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 challenges parataxis 11 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 decided obj 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 challenges punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 challenge present Says tree rules 2 decide past that vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent that=Topic
Meaning 7 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«Say that again and you're dead» is a threat in a row; it is usually anger, not a real plan.
The tree, 21 words punct obj advmod cc nsubj cop amod punct cop det advcl case det nmod punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct advmod det amod conj punct root « PUNCT Say VERB that PRON again ADV and CCONJ you PRON 're AUX dead ADJ » PUNCT is AUX a DET threat NOUN in ADP a DET row NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX usually ADV anger NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET real ADJ plan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Say punct 2 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 Say obj 4 again again ADV _ 2 Say advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 dead cc 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 dead nsubj 7 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 dead cop 8 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 12 threat amod 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 dead punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 threat cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 threat det 12 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 2 Say advcl 13 in in ADP _ 15 row case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 row det 15 row row NOUN Number=Sing 12 threat nmod 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 anger punct 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 anger nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 anger cop 19 usually usually ADV _ 20 anger advmod 20 anger anger NOUN Number=Sing 2 Say parataxis 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 plan punct 22 not not PART Polarity=Neg 25 plan advmod 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 plan det 24 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 25 plan amod 25 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 20 anger conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote imperative you not said here that again tree rules 2 is in a quote present you dead property tree rules 3 is a present you not said here a dead threat a row tree rules 4 is a present row anger and a real plan usually property tree rules
Meaning 8 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
«State», «assert», «declare», «indicate» and «it is stated that» are stiff words for say.
The tree, 14 words punct obl punct punct punct punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct cc punct nsubj:pass aux:pass amod obj punct cop amod obj case nmod punct root « PUNCT State NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT assert VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT declare VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT indicate VERB » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT it PRON is AUX stated VERB that PRON » PUNCT are AUX stiff ADJ words NOUN for ADP say NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 State punct 2 State state NOUN Number=Sing 6 assert obl 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 State punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 assert punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 assert punct 6 assert assert VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 assert punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 declare punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 declare punct 10 declare declare VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 assert conj 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 declare punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 indicate punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 indicate punct 14 indicate indicate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 assert conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 indicate punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 20 stated cc 17 « « PUNCT _ 20 stated punct 18 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 stated nsubj:pass 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 stated aux:pass 20 stated state VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 words amod 21 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 20 stated obj 22 » » PUNCT _ 20 stated punct 23 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 words cop 24 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 25 words amod 25 words word NOUN Number=Plur 14 indicate obj 26 for for ADP _ 27 say case 27 say say NOUN Number=Sing 25 words nmod 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 assert punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 assert in a quote imperative you not said here State vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 declare speech: other in a quote infinitive you not said here vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 indicate in a quote infinitive you not said here vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot 4 state speech: other in a quote present · passive State tree rules 5 is a present stated stiff words for say tree rules
Example 1 Mia says she has 20 stickers.
nsubj nsubj ccomp nummod obj punct root Mia PROPN says VERB she PRON has VERB 20 NUM stickers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 says ccomp 5 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 stickers nummod 6 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Mia vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have present Mia 20 stickers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Patient
Example 2 Let's say each box holds 6 eggs.
obj xcomp det nsubj ccomp nummod obj punct root Let VERB 's PRON say VERB each DET box NOUN holds VERB 6 NUM eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 each each DET PronType=Tot 5 box det 5 box box NOUN Number=Sing 6 holds nsubj 6 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 say ccomp 7 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 eggs nummod 8 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 6 holds obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 say speech: assert infinitive 's not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hold present each box 6 eggs vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme
Example 3 What number does Tom say next?
obj nsubj aux nsubj advmod punct root What PRON number NOUN does AUX Tom PROPN say VERB next ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 5 say obj 2 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 say nsubj 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 say aux 4 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 say nsubj 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 next next ADV _ 5 say advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · do-support number next property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
Example 4 Say how many are left.
advmod nsubj aux:pass ccomp punct root Say VERB how ADV many ADJ are AUX left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 how how ADV PronType=Int 3 many advmod 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 left nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 1 Say ccomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 leave present · passive many vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 Say please when you ask for something.
discourse advmod nsubj advcl case obl punct root Say VERB please INTJ when ADV you PRON ask VERB for ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 please please INTJ _ 1 Say discourse 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 ask advmod 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 ask nsubj 5 ask ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Say advcl 6 for for ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 ask obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 ask speech: ask present you for something vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 What does the clock say?
obj aux det nsubj punct root What PRON does AUX the DET clock NOUN say VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 5 say obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 say aux 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 clock det 4 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 5 say nsubj 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · do-support the clock vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
Example 7 The sign says «Keep off the grass».
det nsubj punct ccomp case det obl punct punct root The DET sign NOUN says VERB « PUNCT Keep VERB off ADP the DET grass NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 Keep punct 5 Keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 says ccomp 6 off off ADP _ 8 grass case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 grass det 8 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 Keep obl 9 » » PUNCT _ 5 Keep punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the sign vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 keep off in a quote infinitive the grass vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme
Example 8 Everyone in the class gets a say.
nsubj case det nmod det obj punct root Everyone PRON in ADP the DET class NOUN gets VERB a DET say NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 gets nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 class case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 class det 4 class class NOUN Number=Sing 1 Everyone nmod 5 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 say det 7 say say NOUN Number=Sing 5 gets obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Everyone a say vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus
Example 9 my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right? (casual, wrong claim)
Sentence 1: my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right?
nmod:poss nsubj det nsubj ccomp case det obl punct discourse punct root my PRON brother NOUN says VERB the DET Sun PROPN goes VERB round ADP the DET Earth PROPN , PUNCT right INTJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Sun det 5 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 6 goes nsubj 6 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 says ccomp 7 round round ADP _ 9 Earth case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Earth det 9 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 6 goes obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 right punct 11 right right INTJ _ 3 says discourse 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present my brother vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go present the Sun the Earth vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round earth=Initial_Location
Sentence 2: (casual, wrong claim)
punct punct amod obl punct root ( PUNCT casual ADJ , PUNCT wrong ADJ claim NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 casual punct 2 casual casual ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 claim punct 4 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 5 claim amod 5 claim claim NOUN Number=Sing 2 casual obl 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 casual punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 «It's 12.» «Says who? I counted 13.» (casual)
Sentence 1: «It's 12.»
punct nsubj cop punct punct root « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX 12 NUM . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 12 punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 12 nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 12 cop 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 12 punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 12 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present It 12 tree rules
Sentence 2: «Says who?
punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT Says NOUN who PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Says punct 2 Says say NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 2 Says nsubj 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 Says punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 3: I counted 13.»
nsubj obj punct punct root I PRON counted VERB 13 NUM . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 counted nsubj 2 counted count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 13 13 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 counted obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 counted punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 counted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count past I 13 vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 13=Theme
Sentence 4: (casual)
punct punct root ( PUNCT casual NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 casual punct 2 casual casual NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 casual punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 11 Say that again and I'll thump you. (rough)
Sentence 1: Say that again and I'll thump you.
obj advmod cc nsubj aux conj obj punct root Say VERB that PRON again ADV and CCONJ I PRON 'll AUX thump VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 1 Say obj 3 again again ADV _ 1 Say advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 thump cc 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 thump nsubj 6 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 thump aux 7 thump thump VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Say conj 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 thump obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here that again vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic 2 thump future I you vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
Sentence 2: (rough)
punct punct root ( PUNCT rough ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 rough punct 2 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 rough punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 12 It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7. (formal exam)
Sentence 1: It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7.
The tree, 18 words nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det nsubj advcl nummod obj punct conj det obj acl case det obl case nmod punct root It PRON is AUX stated VERB that SCONJ a DET pupil NOUN possesses VERB 20 NUM stickers NOUN ; PUNCT determine VERB the DET number NOUN remaining VERB upon ADP the DET disposal NOUN of ADP 7 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stated nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stated aux:pass 3 stated state VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 possesses mark 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pupil det 6 pupil pupil NOUN Number=Sing 7 possesses nsubj 7 possesses possess VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stated advcl 8 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 stickers nummod 9 stickers sticker NOUN Number=Plur 7 possesses obj 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 determine punct 11 determine determine VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 stated conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 number det 13 number number NOUN Number=Sing 11 determine obj 14 remaining remain VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 number acl 15 upon upon ADP _ 17 disposal case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 disposal det 17 disposal disposal NOUN Number=Sing 14 remaining obl 18 of of ADP _ 19 7 case 19 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 17 disposal nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 stated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 state speech: other present · passive It vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic 2 possess present a pupil 20 stickers vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sticker=Theme 3 determine infinitive the number vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 4 remain gerund the number not said here the disposal of 7 vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon disposal=Location
Sentence 2: (formal exam)
punct amod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ exam NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 exam punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 exam amod 3 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 exam punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 13 "With all my heart," says I.
punct case det:predet nmod:poss obl punct punct obj root " PUNCT With ADP all DET my PRON heart NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT says VERB I. X The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 8 says punct 2 With with ADP _ 5 heart case 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 heart det:predet 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 heart nmod:poss 5 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 8 says obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 heart punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 heart punct 8 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 I. I. X Foreign=Yes 8 says obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present I. with my heart vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent i.=Theme with heart=Manner
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous saxophonenext → saying↑ back to S in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/say/