saying Who acts: saying, short known phrase, many people, Practice, you, she · What happens: know, be, give, state, believe, make · To what, where: short known phrase, advice, something, ing form, old saying, helmet · Speech: someone speaks here
«saying» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: saying in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A saying is a short, well-known phrase that gives advice or states something many people believe to be true, such as «Practice makes perfect».
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod punct amod nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj obj amod nsubj acl:relcl mark cop ccomp punct mark fixed punct nsubj parataxis xcomp punct punct root A DET saying NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ , PUNCT well ADV - PUNCT known VERB phrase NOUN that PRON gives VERB advice NOUN or CCONJ states VERB something PRON many ADJ people NOUN believe VERB to PART be AUX true ADJ , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP « PUNCT Practice NOUN makes VERB perfect ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 saying det 2 saying saying NOUN Number=Sing 10 phrase nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 phrase cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 phrase det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 10 phrase amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 short punct 7 well well ADV Degree=Pos 9 known advmod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 well punct 9 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 phrase amod 10 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 gives nsubj 12 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 phrase acl:relcl 13 advice advice NOUN Number=Sing 12 gives obj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 states cc 15 states state VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 gives conj 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 states obj 17 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 18 people amod 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 19 believe nsubj 19 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 something acl:relcl 20 to to PART _ 22 true mark 21 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 22 true cop 22 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 19 believe ccomp 23 , , PUNCT _ 28 makes punct 24 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 28 makes mark 25 as as ADP _ 24 such fixed 26 « « PUNCT _ 28 makes punct 27 Practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 28 makes nsubj 28 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 true parataxis 29 perfect perfect ADJ Degree=Pos 28 makes xcomp 30 » » PUNCT _ 28 makes punct 31 . . PUNCT _ 10 phrase punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know participle well property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a present a saying a short known phrase tree rules 3 give present a short known phrase advice vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme 4 state speech: other present a short known phrase not said here something vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic 5 believe present many people vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 6 is to-infinitive true property tree rules 7 make in a quote present Practice perfect property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Saying is the -ing form of say: speaking words.
csubj cop det punct compound case nmod punct amod obl punct root Saying VERB is AUX the DET - PUNCT ing NOUN form NOUN of ADP say NOUN : PUNCT speaking VERB words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 form csubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 form det 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 the punct 5 ing ing NOUN Number=Sing 6 form compound 6 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 say case 8 say say NOUN Number=Sing 6 form nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 words punct 10 speaking speak VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 words amod 11 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 form obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Saying the ing form of say; speaking words obl tree rules 3 speak speech: other gerund vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 «Look before you leap» is an old saying.
punct nsubj mark nsubj advcl punct cop det amod punct root « PUNCT Look VERB before SCONJ you PRON leap VERB » PUNCT is AUX an DET old ADJ saying NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Look punct 2 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 saying nsubj 3 before before SCONJ _ 5 leap mark 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 leap nsubj 5 leap leap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Look advcl 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Look punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 saying cop 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 saying det 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 saying amod 10 saying saying NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 saying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look in a quote infinitive vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 leap in a quote present you vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is a present a old saying tree rules
Example 2 As the saying goes, practice makes perfect.
mark det nsubj advcl punct nsubj xcomp punct root As SCONJ the DET saying NOUN goes VERB , PUNCT practice NOUN makes VERB perfect ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as SCONJ _ 4 goes mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 saying det 3 saying saying NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes nsubj 4 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 makes advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 goes punct 6 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 7 makes nsubj 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 perfect perfect ADJ Degree=Pos 7 makes xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present the saying vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 make present practice perfect property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 3 What is she saying?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON is AUX she PRON saying VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 saying obj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 saying aux 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 saying nsubj 4 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 saying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · progressive she vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
Example 4 It goes without saying that you should wear a helmet.
nsubj mark advcl mark nsubj aux ccomp det obj punct root It PRON goes VERB without SCONJ saying VERB that SCONJ you PRON should AUX wear VERB a DET helmet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 goes nsubj 2 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 without without SCONJ _ 4 saying mark 4 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 goes advcl 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 wear mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 wear nsubj 7 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 wear aux 8 wear wear VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 saying ccomp 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 helmet det 10 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 8 wear obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present It vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert gerund vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 wear should you a helmet vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme
Example 5 Grandma has a saying for everything.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Grandma NOUN has VERB a DET saying NOUN for ADP everything PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 saying det 4 saying saying NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 everything case 6 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 saying nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Grandma a saying for everything vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saying=Patient
Example 6 He left without saying goodbye.
nsubj mark advcl obj punct root He PRON left VERB without SCONJ saying VERB goodbye NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 left nsubj 2 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 without without SCONJ _ 4 saying mark 4 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 left advcl 5 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 4 saying obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past He vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert gerund He not said here goodbye vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic
Example 7 Do you know the saying «Many hands make light work»?
aux nsubj det obj punct amod nsubj ccomp compound obj punct punct root Do AUX you PRON know VERB the DET saying NOUN « PUNCT Many ADJ hands NOUN make VERB light NOUN work NOUN » PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 know aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 know nsubj 3 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 saying det 5 saying saying NOUN Number=Sing 3 know obj 6 « « PUNCT _ 9 make punct 7 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 hands amod 8 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 9 make nsubj 9 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 saying ccomp 10 light light NOUN Number=Sing 11 work compound 11 work work NOUN Number=Sing 9 make obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 9 make punct 13 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · do-support you the saying vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer saying=Stimulus 2 make in a quote present Many hands light work vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset work=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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